tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-90566150177318374582024-02-08T02:48:43.551-08:00PowerPointtripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.comBlogger215125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-19081245107372202562020-08-26T18:00:00.001-07:002020-08-26T18:00:05.264-07:00How to Write an Advertisement Critique EssayInstructions to Write an Advertisement Critique Essay Composing an Advertisement Critique Essay What is an ad scrutinize article? Step by step instructions to begin a notice examination: Tips on the most proficient method to begin Step by step instructions to compose a framework Step by step instructions to compose a theory for a notice evaluate paper Step by step instructions to compose a presentation Tips on the most proficient method to compose a presentation and theory Step by step instructions to compose body sections Tips on body composing Step by step instructions to complete a promotion evaluate exposition Tips on end composing Notice investigation update: Tips on correction Notice evaluate exposition test Publicizing assumes a significant job in todays world. There are individuals who rely upon publicizing for their business while others have fabricated multi-billion dollar organizations from promoting. It is assessed that in a year, individuals spend up to $450 billion and for the U.S. represents 33% of the above sum. In this way, publicizing is for sure a significant part. What is a commercial evaluate article? The above data is basic for an article author to build up their ad examination. Be that as it may, one should, as a matter of first importance, comprehend what a promoting investigation is just as its principle highlights. A publicizing scrutinize exposition can be depicted as a paper whose point is to profoundly inspect a promotion and give an exhaustive investigation of the equivalent. Its highlights are not diverse to that of different articles since it will have a presentation with a postulation explanation, a body with a few point sentences, lastly an end. In any case, you have to guarantee your composing centers exclusively around the advertisement and that you give your decision on the promotion. The most effective method to begin a notice examination: Tips on the best way to begin Each practiced author will disclose to you that beginning a paper is the most troublesome stage. The beginning will consistently give you a few difficulties. Notwithstanding, as you continue composing, you develop as an essayist and your expanded experience will help handle and tackle any sort of paper. To begin an ad investigation, think about the accompanying tips: Pick a promotion you comprehend and like to compose on. Guarantee you know about the item being publicized. Dubiously portray the advertisement. Take a gander at the promotion acutely and note all that you find intriguing or that catches your consideration. Build up a contention you wish to communicate in your paper. Build up a layout. Step by step instructions to compose a layout A layout is just a guide or a model of your paper. It ought to envelop your principle thoughts just as anything you wish to have in your paper. It ought to likewise be organized into a presentation, a body, and an end. This is basic since it causes you characterize the data that goes into each section. Make your layout brief yet intensive. This will assist with making your work simpler on the grounds that you will essentially be topping off information or data. Separate your focuses and ensure each stands all alone. Step by step instructions to compose a theory for a notice study exposition As effectively expressed, you can't expound on an advertisement you don't comprehend. In this way, first realize what a proposition articulation is and what it does before you get to how to compose it. A concise clarification is as per the following: a proposition proclamation is an announcement conveying your fundamental contention or the point you wish to communicate to your crowd. The essential things you have to comprehend here include: Make it brief and clear. Guarantee it is sufficiently definite to convey your central matter or contention. Step by step instructions to compose a presentation A presentation is the most significant piece of your paper. It draws the consideration of your perusers as well as guarantees they are intrigued enough to peruse the whole article. You, along these lines, need to guarantee it is as fascinating as could reasonably be expected. You ought to likewise make it brief however point by point enough to catch and impart your fundamental contention. The above basically implies you have to incorporate your theory explanation. Tips on the most proficient method to compose a presentation and proposal To all the more likely clarify what the above area is imparting, think about the accompanying tips: Start with a snare. A snares point is to catch the consideration of your crowd; it is consistently the first or second sentence. Give a general synopsis of the advertisement. This incorporates the organization, the item, and so forth. Remember your proposition proclamation for your presentation. The most effective method to compose body passages Body sections predominantly expand on your proposition proclamation. They help to clarify your contention further by utilizing other littler contentions. While composing the body sections, you have to guarantee that each passage starts with a point sentence. Theme sentences are then trailed by supporting sentences which basically offer help or proof to your subject sentences. Tips on body composing Use point sentences to begin your passages. Ordinarily the body ought to be 3-5 passages in length except if expressed something else. Refer to any data you incorporate and that isn't your unique thought. Specify or demonstrate the advertisements focused on crowd. Notice a portion of the techniques utilized in the advertisement to make it all the more engaging the crowd. Give the printed procedures utilized in the advertisement. Instructions to complete a notice study article In the end, you have to recap or give a synopsis of your paper incorporating the contentions utilized in your paper. You additionally need to have a rehashing of your proposition articulation. The completing of a paper is to be sure significant. You have to make it essential and such that will be hard for your crowd to overlook. Tips on end composing For a notice evaluate exposition, you have to consider the accompanying tips as you compose your decision: Recap your article by giving a little rundown of your composition. Rehash your postulation explanation. Give suggestions on how the advertisement could be improved. Examine ramifications of the promotion on the social, political, social parts of the general public. Promotion investigation modification: Tips on correction Overhauling your articles ought to be a significant and compulsory advance as an author. Modifying implies re-perusing your article and rectifying any slip-ups you find in your exposition. While modifying your paper think about the accompanying tips: Utilize online syntax checkers to assist you with rectifying a portion of the accentuation and linguistic blunders. Give a confided in companion or relative your article to peruse and to offer authentic input. Refer to any snippet of data which isn't unique. Promotion scrutinize exposition test Coca-Cola is by a wide margin the most productive soda pops organization. The organization isn't just versatile yet additionally continues rethinking itself which makes it increasingly charming and gives the clients minimal possibility of disregarding their items. Their new advert named Taste the Feeling is in reality suggestive of the companyââ¬â¢s ability in guaranteeing that customers continue purchasing their items. The advertisement isn't just engaging yet in addition prompts one to go get a Coca-Cola bottle. The Taste the Feeling promotion not just and effectively joins the entirety of the companyââ¬â¢s items yet in addition serves to feature why the organization is the place it is. Most importantly, the promotion is straightforward and is additionally fitted with suitable subtitles which try to clarify each second that could be gone through with a super cold Coke. The crowd is clearly the youthful customers or the twenty to thirty year olds whose way of life could suit the flavor of Coca-Cola. It is likewise reasonable for state that the promotion accomplishes its motivation and feels free to utilize characters whose way of life is suggestive of the intended interest group. Besides, the advertisement requests to the feelings of each and every individual who is watching by including a progression of sincerely charged minutes. In every one of these minutes, the advertisement shows a coke being delighted in hence assisting with quieting the charactersââ¬â¢ nerves down or to just assist them with getting a charge out existing apart from everything else more. Here, the organization was attempting to make secure its situation as the pioneer in the sodas business. Furthermore, one can say that the organization was additionally attempting to charm itself to the clients much more. Thirdly, the message was additionally clear and one could detect the joy of drinking Coca-Cola. The objective was attempting to show how the beverage makes minutes unique and all the more much increasingly nostalgic. By utilizing this mode or course of promoting, it is conceivable to get or to get a handle on the consideration of watchers. Everybody will just want for the uncommonness of having a super cold Coca-Cola bottle at whatever point they are having or considering unique minutes. All in all, it is hard to get a negative part of the advertisement. It catches one consideration as well as joins the results of the organization. The topic which is straightforward and infectious is additionally something that is remarkable and in this way, assists with making it all the more engaging. It is to be sure hard to beat this specific advertisement and different organizations should know. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-8416900835825234142020-08-22T09:02:00.001-07:002020-08-22T09:02:36.036-07:00Greyhound Transport What Happened after September 11 free essay sampleA review of the modest administrations that Greyhound brings to the table and proposals on ways it can improve its administration given new security concerns. This paper sums up the administrations of the American Greyhound Bus Service which is a piece of the movement administrations industry, giving intercity travel inside the United States just as movement bundles and mail administrations. The paper examines what has befallen the organization since the fear monger assaults of September eleventh, refering to constructive perspectives, for example, wellbeing since individuals are having a sense of security noticeable all around and increasingly safe on the streets. With respect to the earth, Greyhound reports that one Greyhound transport takes 17 vehicles off the street and accomplishes 162 traveler miles for each gallon of fuel. (Greyhound Facts Figures) The primary issue affecting Greyhound is the manner by which the occasions of September 11 effect upon it. Since September 11 there is another dread of flying. This is probably going to expand the quantity of individuals picking transport travel over air travel. We will compose a custom exposition test on Greyhound Transport: What Happened after September 11? or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It likewise implies that numerous individuals in the United States will pick occasions inside the United States rather than abroad travel. The drawback is that there will be less abroad guests going inside the United States. It has just been noted notwithstanding, that most of Greyhound clients are Americans making a trip to see loved ones. In general at that point, we would anticipate that interest for transport travel should increment. This carries with it the two chances and issues. This is a changing situation for Greyhound. This report will concentrate on how Greyhound can react to these progressions and explicitly how the issues they make can be anticipated with the goal that the open doors introduced can be completely used. Five of these issues will presently be examined thus. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-44836761969247063642020-08-21T06:05:00.003-07:002020-08-21T06:05:19.552-07:005 Common Myths and Misconceptions About Psychology5 Common Myths and Misconceptions About Psychology February 09, 2020 Hero Images/Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The field of psychology is prone to a number of myths and misconceptions. This is likely because people often have very little direct knowledge and experience with the science of psychology. For many people, their first (and usually only) experience with psychology happens when they take an introductory course on the topic to fulfill a high school or university general education requirement. No wonder there are so many different misconceptions about exactly what psychology is and is not. Here are a few of the most common misconceptions. Myth 1: Psychology Is Easy This misconception is perhaps the first one dispelled for many students as they struggle through their general psychology courses. Why do some people mistakenly believe that psychology is simple and easy? One reason might be because many tend to assume that since they have so much personal experience with human behavior, they will naturally be experts on the subject. Obviously, no one would suggest that an English class should be an easy A simply because you speak English. Just like English can be a challenging subject for any native speaker, psychology classes can be equally tough, particularly for students who have little experience with the subject or who have a limited background in subjects such as science and math. Fortunately, just because psychology is challenging doesnt mean that it isnt accessible to anyone who might take an interest in it. While there might be a learning curve, you can definitely succeed in your psychology classes with effort and determination. Myth 2: Psychology Is Just Common Sense After hearing about the latest psychological research, people may tend to have an Of course! type of response. Of course thats true! Why do people even waste their time researching stuff thats just common sense? people sometimes exclaim. But what seems like common sense isnt necessarily the case. Pick up any book outlining some of the most famous experiments in the history of psychology and what you will quickly realize is that much of this research refutes what was believed to be common sense at the time. Would you deliver potentially fatal electrical shocks to a stranger just because an authority figure told you to? Common sense might have you emphatically saying no, but psychologist Stanley Milgram famously demonstrated in an obedience experiment that the majority of people would do exactly such a thing.?? Thats the thing about common senseâ"just because something seems like it should be true doesnt necessarily mean that it is. Researchers are able to take some of these questions and presumptions about human behavior and test them scientifically, assessing the truth or falsehood in some of our commonly held beliefs about ourselves. By using scientific methods, experimenters can investigate human issues objectively and fairly. 6 Experiments That Shaped Psychology Myth 3: You Can Become a Therapist With a Bachelors Degree In order to become a practicing therapist, you will need at least a masters degree in a field such as psychology, counseling, social work, or advanced psychiatric nursing. There are many opportunities to work in the field of mental health at the bachelors level, but these positions tend to be considered entry-level. You cannot open your own private therapy practice with just a bachelors degree.?? It is also important to be aware that the professional title psychologist is a regulated term. In order to call yourself a psychologist, you need to earn a doctorate degree in psychology, complete a supervised internship, and pass state licensing exams. Myth 4: Psychologists Get Paid Lots of Money to Listen to People Talk Certainly, some psychologists are very well compensated for their work. But the notion that they are just passively sitting back, doodling on a yellow notepad while their clients ramble on could not be further from the truth. Traditional talk therapy is only one technique that a therapist might use, and its certainly not a passive process.?? Throughout these sessions, therapists are actively engaged in listening to the client, asking questions, providing advice, and helping clients develop solutions to put into daily practice. Psychologists actually work in a wide number of professions and perform an enormous range of different duties. Salaries can vary just as dramatically. Some work in the field of mental health and focus on helping people who experience psychological distress, but other professionals work in areas such as business, education, government, and research. Some of the lowest paying psychology jobs start out in the $20,000 to $30,000 range, while the highest paying jobs can reach up in the $100,000 to $250,000 range. Factors such as specialty area, educational background, and years of experience are what determine salary. 80 Psychology-Related Careers to Consider Myth 5: Psychology Isnt a Real Science Another common myth about psychology is that it is not a real science. First, lets examine exactly what science is and is not. Some key characteristics of a science: Uses empirical methodsResearchers control and manipulate variablesObjectiveAllows for hypothesis testingResults can be replicatedFindings allow researchers to predict future occurrences Psychology relies on all of these methods in order to investigate human and animal behavior. Researchers utilize the scientific method to conduct research, which means that variables are controlled and operationally defined. Experimenters are able to test different hypotheses and use statistical analysis to determine the likelihood that such results are due merely to chance. Psychologists also present their findings in a way that makes it possible for other researchers to replicate their experiments and methods in the future. Psychology might be a relatively young science in the grand scheme of sciences, but it is indeed a real science.?? However, its important to note that scientific psychology does have some limitations. Human behavior can vary and change over time, so what is true in one particular time and place might not necessarily apply in different situations, settings, cultures, or societies. The History of Modern Psychology tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-80705127650480033792020-08-21T06:05:00.001-07:002020-08-21T06:05:18.284-07:005 Common Myths and Misconceptions About Psychology5 Common Myths and Misconceptions About Psychology February 09, 2020 Hero Images/Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming The field of psychology is prone to a number of myths and misconceptions. This is likely because people often have very little direct knowledge and experience with the science of psychology. For many people, their first (and usually only) experience with psychology happens when they take an introductory course on the topic to fulfill a high school or university general education requirement. No wonder there are so many different misconceptions about exactly what psychology is and is not. Here are a few of the most common misconceptions. Myth 1: Psychology Is Easy This misconception is perhaps the first one dispelled for many students as they struggle through their general psychology courses. Why do some people mistakenly believe that psychology is simple and easy? One reason might be because many tend to assume that since they have so much personal experience with human behavior, they will naturally be experts on the subject. Obviously, no one would suggest that an English class should be an easy A simply because you speak English. Just like English can be a challenging subject for any native speaker, psychology classes can be equally tough, particularly for students who have little experience with the subject or who have a limited background in subjects such as science and math. Fortunately, just because psychology is challenging doesnt mean that it isnt accessible to anyone who might take an interest in it. While there might be a learning curve, you can definitely succeed in your psychology classes with effort and determination. Myth 2: Psychology Is Just Common Sense After hearing about the latest psychological research, people may tend to have an Of course! type of response. Of course thats true! Why do people even waste their time researching stuff thats just common sense? people sometimes exclaim. But what seems like common sense isnt necessarily the case. Pick up any book outlining some of the most famous experiments in the history of psychology and what you will quickly realize is that much of this research refutes what was believed to be common sense at the time. Would you deliver potentially fatal electrical shocks to a stranger just because an authority figure told you to? Common sense might have you emphatically saying no, but psychologist Stanley Milgram famously demonstrated in an obedience experiment that the majority of people would do exactly such a thing.?? Thats the thing about common senseâ"just because something seems like it should be true doesnt necessarily mean that it is. Researchers are able to take some of these questions and presumptions about human behavior and test them scientifically, assessing the truth or falsehood in some of our commonly held beliefs about ourselves. By using scientific methods, experimenters can investigate human issues objectively and fairly. 6 Experiments That Shaped Psychology Myth 3: You Can Become a Therapist With a Bachelors Degree In order to become a practicing therapist, you will need at least a masters degree in a field such as psychology, counseling, social work, or advanced psychiatric nursing. There are many opportunities to work in the field of mental health at the bachelors level, but these positions tend to be considered entry-level. You cannot open your own private therapy practice with just a bachelors degree.?? It is also important to be aware that the professional title psychologist is a regulated term. In order to call yourself a psychologist, you need to earn a doctorate degree in psychology, complete a supervised internship, and pass state licensing exams. Myth 4: Psychologists Get Paid Lots of Money to Listen to People Talk Certainly, some psychologists are very well compensated for their work. But the notion that they are just passively sitting back, doodling on a yellow notepad while their clients ramble on could not be further from the truth. Traditional talk therapy is only one technique that a therapist might use, and its certainly not a passive process.?? Throughout these sessions, therapists are actively engaged in listening to the client, asking questions, providing advice, and helping clients develop solutions to put into daily practice. Psychologists actually work in a wide number of professions and perform an enormous range of different duties. Salaries can vary just as dramatically. Some work in the field of mental health and focus on helping people who experience psychological distress, but other professionals work in areas such as business, education, government, and research. Some of the lowest paying psychology jobs start out in the $20,000 to $30,000 range, while the highest paying jobs can reach up in the $100,000 to $250,000 range. Factors such as specialty area, educational background, and years of experience are what determine salary. 80 Psychology-Related Careers to Consider Myth 5: Psychology Isnt a Real Science Another common myth about psychology is that it is not a real science. First, lets examine exactly what science is and is not. Some key characteristics of a science: Uses empirical methodsResearchers control and manipulate variablesObjectiveAllows for hypothesis testingResults can be replicatedFindings allow researchers to predict future occurrences Psychology relies on all of these methods in order to investigate human and animal behavior. Researchers utilize the scientific method to conduct research, which means that variables are controlled and operationally defined. Experimenters are able to test different hypotheses and use statistical analysis to determine the likelihood that such results are due merely to chance. Psychologists also present their findings in a way that makes it possible for other researchers to replicate their experiments and methods in the future. Psychology might be a relatively young science in the grand scheme of sciences, but it is indeed a real science.?? However, its important to note that scientific psychology does have some limitations. Human behavior can vary and change over time, so what is true in one particular time and place might not necessarily apply in different situations, settings, cultures, or societies. The History of Modern Psychology tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-32755721644503528612020-05-24T18:32:00.001-07:002020-05-24T18:32:04.094-07:00How a Daughter Grieves the Loss of a Mother A sonââ¬â¢s a son till he takes a wife, a daughterââ¬â¢s a daughter for the rest of her life. By and large, this old folk saying still rings true. Generally, young men are raised to become autonomous beings, and the act is regarded as mandatory to their adult development. On the other hand, young women are raised to become moms themselves and remain close to their mothers, setting off what many psychologists maintain is the most intense relationship in a womanââ¬â¢s life. The mother-daughter bond is essential, and 80-90 percent of women report good relationships with their mothers during their midlife, despite wanting an even stronger relationship. What Happens When a Mother Passes When her mother dies, the adult daughter loses her security touchstone. As long as her mother is alive, even if sheââ¬â¢s halfway across the country, sheââ¬â¢s often only a phone call away. Even if a daughter doesnââ¬â¢t always reach out to her mother when she has a problem, knowing her mother is around can be reassuring. Alternatively, when mom dies, the daughter is starkly alone. Women with close mother-daughter relationships may feel the loss more acutely, but the dynamics are the same for women who report conflicted relationships with their mothersââ¬âthere is a prevailing tendency to feel unmoored. According to a 2016 article by psychologist Susan Campbell, 92% of daughters say that their relationship with their mother is positive, and over half of women say their mother was more influential than their father. Coping With a Mother Who Has Died Many adult daughters hold a story of their mothers that is based more on the daughtersââ¬â¢ wounded memories than on the real truth of their mothersââ¬â¢ lives. For the brave at heart, the immediate aftermath of a motherââ¬â¢s death can be an opportunity for a more objective, compassionate understanding of her and, in turn, a resolution of long-standing differences. Clues to a motherââ¬â¢s true narrative can be found by listening attentively to stories told at the funeral, studying her letters and personal writings, and reviewing her choice of reading materials and entries in her calendar. Even the contents of her closet can help to fill in the gaps of her life. Daughters can take this time to learn more about their mother, and cope with the grief by expressing their feelings, remembering and cherishing their mom, and allowing themselves to grieve properly. Learning About Mom Through Memories Often, there can be a real disparity between a motherââ¬â¢s public self and her private self, or the one portrayed in the family. Many women lead much more accomplished lives than their mothers, which can mask their gifts. A motherââ¬â¢s death can be an excellent time to revisit her teachings. For example, Hillary Clintonââ¬â¢s mother, Dorothy Rodham, was cast off by her parents and sent to live with harsh grandparents. She never got the opportunity to attend college, but when Hillary phoned home from Wellesley, worried that she wouldnââ¬â¢t make the grade, Dorothy encouraged her to stick it out, something she had learned the hard way. Theres no doubt that Hillary Clintonââ¬â¢s reputation as a tenacious candidate and negotiator owes a lot to her motherââ¬â¢s support. Embedded in this example is the knowledge that mothers want the best for their daughters. We can return the favor by rediscovering our motherââ¬â¢s stories and honoring them. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-62328801073472291182020-05-14T01:30:00.001-07:002020-05-14T01:30:07.019-07:00Earning a Masters Degrees in Computer Science Online 2019 There are several well established and accredited online colleges that offer masters degrees in computer science. Much like an MBA, the masters in computer science (or one of its related fields) tickets the graduate for a leadership role, and the masters programs that you will find online reflect that. A bachelors degree in computer science or in any other major provides the liberal arts underpinning that is an essential part of higher education. It is at this level that you will find the course requirements in English composition and literature, in history in the sciences and in the arts. Undergraduate programs usually include some sort of mathematics requirement, usually finessed by non-science oriented students with a statistics class. In computer science you will probably need polished mathematical skills at the leadership level as well as the operational. It would be wise to look at the mathematics employed in some of the courses for a masters in computer science while you are still pursuing your bachelors, so that you will be prepared. If you are coming to a masters program some years after completing your bachelors in information technology, a refresher course or two in math may be in order. .u8ed4b0301121a1ad420f1ea8c667b013 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u8ed4b0301121a1ad420f1ea8c667b013:active, .u8ed4b0301121a1ad420f1ea8c667b013:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u8ed4b0301121a1ad420f1ea8c667b013 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u8ed4b0301121a1ad420f1ea8c667b013 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u8ed4b0301121a1ad420f1ea8c667b013 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u8ed4b0301121a1ad420f1ea8c667b013:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Degree Programs The Pros and Cons of Enrolling in Higher Education through Distance ProgramsCapella University has an online program for a masters in science (MS) in Information Technology, Network Architecture and Design Specialization. These are the core courses: Technical Communications Masters Enterprise System and Application Development Overview of Enterprise Applications Project Management for Technology Professionals System Development Theory and Practice System Usability Analysis and Design Enterprise Application Testing Quality Assurance Business Foundations You must choose five of these specialization courses: Network Technology Enterprise System Security Client Server Architecture and Design Network Enterprise Architecture and Design Advanced Network Technology-Routing Advanced Network Technology-Switching Advanced Network Technology-Remote Access Advanced Network Technology-Troubleshooting Ethical and Legal Considerations in Information Technology Special Topics in Technology The title and the curriculum of Capellas program reflect the purpose of the degree. It provides core courses in management-level applications of computer technology, and then provides specialization options that can take the graduate in a number of directions. That is the type of pragmatism you will find in online masters programs in computer science. .u4fe447c17f3881383fe9af991261d3cc { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u4fe447c17f3881383fe9af991261d3cc:active, .u4fe447c17f3881383fe9af991261d3cc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u4fe447c17f3881383fe9af991261d3cc { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u4fe447c17f3881383fe9af991261d3cc .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u4fe447c17f3881383fe9af991261d3cc .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u4fe447c17f3881383fe9af991261d3cc:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ A Master's Degree in Health Care ManagementBoth University of Phoenix Online and Kaplan University have MBA programs with specialization in information technology. Both are heavily business-oriented schools. Kennedy- Western University has a masters program in Computer Science with a fairly demanding curriculum focusing on programming and computer function: Programming Languages Computer Science Theory Systems Architecture Operating Systems I Relational Databases Analysis of Algorithms Object-Oriented Design Compiler Design Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence Data Communications Expert Systems Development Human Computer Interface Design The Thesis Proposal The Thesis (9 Units) This course of study comes complete with masters thesis. Despite the fact that it is distance learning, many online courses provide extensive communication with the faculty that are teaching their courses. Clearly, a thesis proposal and critique is not going to be much different than an on-campus experience. Note also the number of classes in this program that will no doubt require algebra, and perhaps some calculus as well. An online masters in computer science is the real thing, requiring real effort, and gaining the graduate real payoff. .u5b24ff195eb19d46e2c3c9c80927566d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u5b24ff195eb19d46e2c3c9c80927566d:active, .u5b24ff195eb19d46e2c3c9c80927566d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u5b24ff195eb19d46e2c3c9c80927566d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u5b24ff195eb19d46e2c3c9c80927566d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u5b24ff195eb19d46e2c3c9c80927566d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u5b24ff195eb19d46e2c3c9c80927566d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ RN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing 10 Highest Paying Nursing Specialties in ColoradoRelated ArticlesTake the Steps Today to Become a School Teacher TomorrowSteps to Earning a Criminal Justice DegreeParalegal Degree Options OnlineOnline Masters and Doctorates Degrees in EducationFind Online Computer and Technology Degrees and ProgramsParalegal Career Education tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-63183928962721605392020-05-06T14:33:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:33:36.343-07:00Addiction And Substance Abuse During Pregnancy - 952 Words Mothers addicted to heroin during a pregnancy are not only harmful to mother and child during gestation but have many social and medical problems after birth of the child. In the first paragraph I describe how women might come to find themselves in the situation of abusing drugs and finding out they are pregnant. I will provide information on some signs or a profile of addiction and substance abuse in women. The next point I will cover is through an interesting study that shows what the mothers pregnancy , the babies birth and postpartum outcomes are. I will explore what the options are for treatment during pregnancy and whether the mother can be separated from her dependency. Lastly I will disclose what the legal and social implications for chemical dependent women hold. Do moms go to jail? I will bring to light what the future holds for new born that have a mother who is addicted to heroin. How did this happen Most people have an image of a heroin user as a skinny dirty junky in an alley sticking a needle in their arm. Times have changed and thatââ¬â¢s because the behaviors of use have changed now many smoke or snort heroin. According to the text, Drug Use and Abuse, historically mostly heroin was used by adults, but early use of heroin by US teens is the new trend, (Maisto, Galizio, Connors, 2015). This may be the start or gateway that may lead to injecting as the dependence escalates. Another introduction could be through experimenting with opioid drugs likeShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy?889 Words à |à 4 PagesSubstance Abuse During Pregnancy The use of controlled substances throughout pregnancy is a very prevalent issue among society today. Controlled substances have devastating effects on not only the mothers using the substances, but also infants while they are in utero and after they are born. Many infants born to mothers, who are abusing drugs, suffer from life threatening illnesses and are forever affected through adulthood. Specifically, heroin is a common drug form that is often used during pregnancyRead MoreMany Women Across The World Cause Complications To Their1657 Words à |à 7 Pagesacross the world cause complications to their unborn child when they choose to abuse substance. There are many types of substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse. Most likely when women choose to engage in these types of activities it causes harm to the child and birth defects. Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into why women abuse, substance s uch as stress, depression, and mental issues. More treatment and pre-educationRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion924 Words à |à 4 Pages Substance abuse with pregnant women is a situation that is being ignored in the United States. There are many pregnant woman in the United States who are abusing illegal substances without any prosecution. 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Long term and short term deformities and conditions are present in the child. Other factors play a part into whyRead MoreWhy Pregnant Substance Abuse Should Be Treated As A Major Issue1441 Words à |à 6 PagesThere are many reasons why pregnant substance abuse should be treated as a major issue. The effects of substance abuse on the mother, fetus, and the overall pregnancy can range from none to extremely harmful. Women who use drugs during their pregnancy commonly give birth to ââ¬Å"crack babiesâ⬠or ââ¬Å"drug babiesâ⬠. These babies can have developmental disabilities or other birth defects. The mother may give birth to a premature infant, underweight infant, or even have a stillborn birth. The drug use of a pregnantRead MoreDrug Abuse Essay1546 Words à |à 7 PagesThesis: Drug abuse, also known as substance abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others. Many teens turn to marijuana, prescription drugs, club drugs, alcohol, or other substances as a means of coping with stress, peer influence, and failure of parents to prevent their children from making unreasonable decisions. According to the yearly ââ¬Å"Monitoring the Futureâ⬠survey of high school age teenagersRead MoreChapter 5 81060 Words à |à 5 Pagestypes on contraceptive methods and their effectiveness to help prevent unplanned pregnancy and avoid preventing transmitted sexual diseases. Approaches to avoid fertility today are male female condoms, the diaphragm, Emergency pills, etc. Condoms are more effective from preventing sexual transmitted infections. Of course there are other alternates ways mention in this chapter to avoid fertility or unplanned pregnancy like outer course and withdrawals. For those who are considering reproductive choicesRead MoreThe Issue Of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ( Nas ) Is A Vital Issue Concerning Premature Babies1522 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe womb (Care is close by). While many women are continuing the use of drugs during pregnancy, NAS is a growing issue that many health officials and professionals are working to diminish. NAS can cause issues with many individuals that come in contact with it including the babies, their mothers, and their nurses and doctors. Drugs Abused NAS is caused from the use of illicit drugs or substances during a motherââ¬â¢s pregnancy. In a recent study done to show the actuality of women using illicit drugs tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-39625014788186969072020-05-05T15:33:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:33:12.054-07:00Corporate Social Responsibility for Reputation and Performance Question: What Is The Corporate Social Responsibility For Reputation And Performance? Answer: Introducation The concept of corporate social responsibility is a critical factor in businesses that has significant effects on its performance and reputation. Corporate responsibility is a call to action that considers doing right to the environment where a company operates. By large, it focuses on the ethical and moral obligation to an environment where a business derives profits in the process of its operation. The concept is both a requirement by law and also an act that has to be done for any company with ethical values in its functioning. Apart from giving back to the society, social responsibility by firms initiates growth in reputation as well as improved performance in a firm. Three theories present the case for corporate social responsibility and the different approaches to its execution. The theories include the instrumental theory, political theory, integrative theory, and ethical theories in corporate social responsibility (Lelwala, 2015). Instrumental theory relates to the notion that a corporation is perceived as an instrument for wealth creation, where the social activities attached to it aim at achieving profits to a firm. On the other hand, the political theory concerns itself with responsible use of power in society to remain responsible to legal requirements (Mallin, Farag Ow-Yong, 2014). The integrative theory relates to focus on the satisfaction of social demands while the ethical theories refer to the responsibility of corporations to society. All these work well towards a firms reputation and performance. Instrumental Theories The theory suggests the use of social activities towards driving revenues for a firm. CSR is driven by the need for communities to remain responsible to the environment and impacting the lives of individuals positively. The economic responsibility of companies is to make money, and the social activities in its responsibilities have to remain on the trend too. In this case, firms need to concentrate on the corporate social responsibilities that shape their financial growth. Hence, a firm working in the legal system has to focus on the business responsibility that defends the community initiative in courts at no fee. In this case, they do so to attract a good reputation for itself through donating their skills and time in court for a particular community issue (Cahan, Chen, Chen, Nguyen, 2014). Such matters might be cases of land grabbing of public land used by children in play or the presence of a factory that has grave consequences to the society. Consequently, such a law firm gains a good standing with a society where it eventually gains a proper financial gain leading to increased performance and reputation (Du, Bhattacharya, Sen, 2010). Therefore, a firm in the process manages to handle its economic responsibility. Further, they increase the economic capability of society to get involved in its production and consumption of products. In this respect, businesses stand a high chance of receiving assistance from a community and gaining the best personnel for business undertakings. Apart from creating a positive image for the firm, the action leads to great consequences to the performance of a firm both in profitability and brand name growth (Unerman, 2008). Corporate social responsibility works positively as a marketing tool for organization core activities. In the process of carrying out the social responsibilities, enterprises manage to sell out their products and services in a manner that appeals to the customers thus growing its reputation and ability to handle several issues in operation. For instance, a construction company taking part in a disaster aftermath by building houses for the affected individuals as a social giving creates a good name through a strong construction project composed of an attractive housing. Consequently, such an action advertises its offering to the market thus increasing its ability to participate in society actions boosting the same. Finally, apart from the creation of a good reputation, social giving given directly to the employees affects the loyalty levels of employees leading to increased business performance. Satisfied employees tend to develop a liking for an organization thus reducing the employee turnover rate (Vanhamme Grobben, 2009). As a result, workers focus more on the ability to perform better to earn more for the firm and themselves through better working relation. Consequently, they end up giving their best to the society increasing the ability to compete others in the society. Legal Responsibility The legal aspect of the corporate social responsibility refers to the adherence of rules and responsibilities given to a firm through government policies that task their participation as a proactive duty. The government has the mandate of checking whether companies are adhering to the same and the non-compliant ones risk being phased off and rated negatively thus affecting its reputation (Brnn, Vrioni, 2001). Consequently, firms have to behave positively by participating in social responsibilities that affect the general public. For example, a manufacturing plant with a factory near areas of settlement has to remain responsible for participating in activities that promote protection and purification of water sources from where they benefit from the water used in production. Besides, one should concern itself in activities that reduce pollution and continuously focus on this and other charitable activities such as sponsoring children to school using the proceeds from its revenues. Consequently, such a firm would be building a positive image for itself as well as remaining in line with the legal requirements of a given legislation on social responsibility. According to Branco and Rodrigues (2006), such rules have to be obeyed to obtain a good standing with the government and the society that serves as the consumers for products. Failure to do so results in distorted relationships with the government that consequently results in difficulties in operation and eventually closure on the inability to comply accompanied with considerable fines. Therefore, the legal responsibilities associated with social giving assists in developing a good image for a firm and hence the reputation which increases the performance financially. Government and the general society are more inclined to do business with organizations that adhere to the regulations set by the authority and the expectations of society. McWilliams, Siegel Wright, (2006) suggest that participating in social giving improves the likelihood of a firm participating in government tendering process as well as getting support from the society through the purchase of products. Apart from creating awareness to the community, the move assists in developing the notion of compliance to the regulations and societal expectations which in return boost the business of organizations. The government through regulations limits companies that do not comply with regulations from doing business in the society. Therefore, abiding by the provisions in any given environment through community participation builds a good rapport and ease of doing things (Moir, 2001). A company failing to comply and impact communities risk facing resistance from the community which leads to subsequent closure and losses for a firm. Hence, it is evident that participating in social events leads to a good reputation not only with the government but also with the individuals in the society. The Ethical Responsibility The theory of ethical responsibility refers to the willing nature of a business to participate in social activities to the environment under an area of operation towards creating a good rapport hence developing a good reputation. The good reputation and engagement with the society develop into a fostered good rating and a high ability to attract customers and employees who are satisfied with its internal operation. The situation occurs due to ethical reasoning where a firm concentrates on a social giving with or without a prompt by the law in any given case (Zadek, Evans Pruzan, 2013). The theory relates to the existence of a coherent corporate culture that perceives the business itself as a citizen in the society where it is obligated to remain beneficial to the same community supporting its business model. A classic example of such an activity involves a company concerned with the creation of drinks in the market which uses a considerable amount of water in its production. According to Vitell (2015), such a firm is not mandated by law to provide clean water to the society but can opt to do so in good faith towards assisting the community. A firm can decide to give back to the society by constructing water points run by the company where the locals benefit from clean water initiative that goes a long way to benefit the society at no fee (Bowen, 2013). Consequently, such a firm would be behaving ethically as there is no compelling factor to its activities from the laws in the industry but rather carries out the activity in good faith due to proper ethics in its management. Eventually, such a firm gains a good reputation which brings more business to its entity thus increasing its performance in the market and the ability of the society to cooperate in its production activities. At times, companies involve themselves in ethical dilemmas. In such a case, the concept of social responsibility acts positively in creating a good name and building a high reputation through a turn-around strategy. For instance, a company involved in child labor which decides to change its operation can participate in organized events aimed at creating advocacy for the education of children and discouraging the society from child labor (Fleming, Roberts Garsten, 2013). Besides, it can engage in school projects by building and contributing immensely to the development of education in expressing its willingness to correct the ethical issues previously present in the case. As a result, an enterprise ends up promoting the change and adoption of values that relate to the societys expectations thus gaining increased performance due to perception change in the society. Philanthropic Responsibility Philanthropy refers to a social giving out of free will to assist a society irrespective of whether the effects drive positive revenues to society. In this case, the social activity done does not have to be related to the core business model of an enterprise working in a given area (Bowen, 2013). For instance, a manufacturing firm choosing to participate in a social activity aimed at assisting a community hit by floods by donating foodstuff, makeshift tents for housing and medical services does so as a philanthropic move. In this respect, the activities done do not relate to its business but are done as part of the social responsibility to the society in reaction to a current issue that affects the society (Baumann-Pauly, Wickert, Spence, Scherer, 2013). Besides, the assistance has no relation to its profitability but rather occurs as a social giving where a firm spends its resources towards solving a crisis in a given area of operation. The government does not require task firms to participate in such activities as they are not related to its core business and harms caused in its production process. However, the social giving goes a long way towards creating a strong reputation for the company which gains favor with the people by solving a crucial issue that affects the individuals in the long run. Eventually, such a move leads to increased performance in a business where employees are happy to remain in such a firm coupled with the good relationship prompting members of the society participating in the business as consumers. Besides, corporate social responsibility in such a case promotes the good image of a firm thereby yielding in positive recruitment and retention activities that give a firm the best employees towards production (Zadek, Evans Pruzan, 2013). Employees love to work with companies that are responsible to their environment and respect the individuals involved in its production. As such, a firm ends up spending less on the recruitment and selection as there would be a high level of loyalty by the employees thus saving costs for the firm. Eventually, the good reputation created through the provision of the proper working environment and the sustainable ventures in the society boost a good rating and reputation to a firm thus increasing the performance of an enterprise. Moreover, corporate social responsibility increases a good reputation attached to a given brand which acts positively in marketing businesses. CSR is a core contributor to the profitability of a company through brand name spread and recognition. A firm participating in a philanthropic activity creates awareness of its name in the society which translates into the adoption of a substantial marketing opportunity to its products thus translates into an improved performance for the business model (Bowen, 2013). At the same time, such a firm would be favored by the government given its active participation and thus benefit from the possibility of doing business with the government. Conclusion Social giving presents businesses with the opportunity to adhere to regulations, create social relations, make profits, and contribute towards philanthropic activities. All these factors contribute to their positive growth in reputation and business performance. The business environment is growing at a faster rate thus prompting for increased strategies through corporate social giving to act as a marketing tool towards posterity. The instances cited in the paper present the best practices that affect the theories related to corporate social responsibilities. Social responsibilities opportunities present avenues for cost saving as the venture retain employees and increase the business opportunities for business. Companies stand to benefit from the positive contribution to the society which builds relationships and more engagement for posterity. Therefore, businesses need to utilize the opportunity created by CSR towards business growth. References Baumann-Pauly, D., Wickert, C., Spence, L. J., Scherer, A. G. (2013). Organizing corporate social responsibility in small and large firms: Size matters.Journal of Business Ethics,115(4), 693-705. Bowen, H. R. (2013).Social responsibilities of the businessman. University of Iowa Press. Branco, M. C., Rodrigues, L. L. (2006). Corporate social responsibility and resource-based perspectives.Journal of business Ethics,69(2), 111-132. Brnn, P. S., Vrioni, A. B. (2001). Corporate social responsibility and cause-related marketing: an overview.International journal of Advertising,20(2), 207-222. Cahan, S. F., Chen, C., Chen, L., Nguyen, N. (2014, August). The Business Press and Corporate Social Responsibility: Reputation, Cost of Capital, and Firm Value. InAmerican Accounting Association Annual Meeting Session, Atlanta, GA(Vol. 5). Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication.International Journal of Management Reviews,12(1), 8-19. Fatma, M., Rahman, Z., Khan, I. (2015). Building company reputation and brand equity through CSR: the mediating role of trust.International Journal of Bank Marketing,33(6), 840-856. Fleming, P., Roberts, J., Garsten, C. (2013). In search of corporate social responsibility: Introduction to special issue.Organization,20(3), 337-348. Lelwala, U. L. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Mallin, C., Farag, H., Ow-Yong, K. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance in Islamic banks.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,103, S21-S38. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. S., Wright, P. M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility: Strategic implications.Journal of management studies,43(1), 1-18. Moir, L. (2001). What do we mean by corporate social responsibility?.Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society,1(2), 16-22. Unerman, J. (2008). Strategic reputation risk management and corporate social responsibility reporting.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,21(3), 362-364. Vanhamme, J., Grobben, B. (2009). Too good to be true!. The effectiveness of CSR history in countering negative publicity.Journal of Business Ethics,85, 273-283. Vitell, S. J. (2015). A case for consumer social responsibility (CnSR): Including a selected review ofconsumer ethics/social responsibility research.Journal of Business Ethics,130(4), 767-774. Zadek, S., Evans, R., Pruzan, P. (2013).Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-71255151274883710412020-04-04T03:29:00.001-07:002020-04-04T03:29:02.973-07:00How important were the Womens Suffrage Campaigns in the decision ot grant women the vote in 1918 Essay ExampleHow important were the Womens Suffrage Campaigns in the decision ot grant women the vote in 1918 Essay On June 19th 1918, the House of Commons voted 385 to 55 to accept the Representation of the Peoples Bill, thus granting the vote to women for the first time. This represented the culmination of a long process of change in the 19th and early 20th century, when many middle class women had made significant advances into the male sphere, especially in work and politics. Womens suffrage was constantly kept on the political agenda. They had become much more involved in a range of serious activities across society which made it harder for politicians to justify not giving them the vote. With ? of adult males having the vote by 1884, it seemed unfair that women, like mentally unstable people and criminals, were denied the basic right to vote.Therefore, as no one in any political party was campaigning for votes for women the Suffrage societies formed. Both the Suffragist, and later the Suffragette, campaigns were extremely important in convincing politicians to grant women the vote, as they b rought the cause to a national audience and highlighted the political inequalities between men and women at that time. However, there are other factors such as the Great War, which gave women the opportunity to show that they could keep the country going in a time of need that played significant roles in the decision to extend the franchise to women in 1918. It is largely assumed that the decision was made as a reflection of MPs appreciation of the womens war work, though historian Martin Pugh suggests that it was just a continuation of the pre-1914 majority in Parliament for womens suffrage. Above all, the campaigns of the womens suffrage societies were vital in the passing of the 1918 Bill, as the vote may not have been granted to women had they not been so effective before the war. It is certain that the pre-war suffrage movement, especially that of the Suffragists, prepared the basis for votes for women.The National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) was formed in 1887 u nder the leadership of Millicent Fawcett. They were the first group of women to argue for women to receive the vote. All suffrage movements before this were localised and so had no real impact on politicians. The NUWSS was made up of middle class women who campaigned in reaction to the further enfranchisement of men after the Second Reform Act of 1867, where skilled working class men gained the vote, yet all women were excluded.These middle class women campaigned in the NUWSS as they had free time and comprehensive social networks, and were influenced by liberal equal rights ideology, such as On Liberty by J.S Mill, a philosopher and MP who, in 1865, became the first member in Parliament to call for the vote to be given to women. The campaign brought this issue to the attention of politicians, and although many women were opposed to them gaining the vote they saw it as threatening to both their comfortable status and identity as women the Suffragists, as they became known, grew fr om local suffrage societies all over the country and had thousands of members. Their peaceful tactics, such as petitions, silent protests and public speeches aimed to raise awareness and win wider support by persuasion.In February 1907, for example, over 3000 women marched through the streets of London from Hyde Park to Exeter Hall advocating for womens suffrage in the cold and wet, proving to the WSPU that the NUWSS was equally vigorous in fighting for reform. These tactics were designed to undermine the stereotypical view that women were disorganised, irrational and politically illiterate. They won over many politicians such as Lloyd George, who even though the rest of their party were against the idea both expressed support towards women. The Suffragists campaign was pretty successful pre-1914, as is evident from the 1911 Conciliation Bill. By 1914, with 53,000 members across 480 branches, the Suffragists were having an impact on the views of politicians towards them, as seen by politicians such as most Liberals who had growing support for these women, clearly shown in the 1911 Conciliation Bill, where 255 MPs were for votes for women, and many abstained, whilst 40 Private Members Bills were also taken to Parliament between 1867 and 1907 requesting the enfranchisement of women, showing the growing backing for them.The Suffragists also won Labour supporters from the 1912 pact, where Labour candidates would stand for election in constituencies where the Liberal candidate opposed votes for women. This meant that Labour candidates could benefit by gaining votes of Liberals who favoured votes for women. Sandra Holton states that what can be confidently asserted is the importance of womens suffragists own efforts, especially the efforts of the democratic suffragists, in securing the strong position enjoyed by their cause at the outbreak of war. It can also be argued that the cause was more or less won by 1914 and that women receiving the vote was inevitable in th e near future, thanks to the Suffragist campaign. By 1914 most Liberals were in favour of extending the franchise to women, portrayed in the Conciliation Bill of 1911 when approximately 1/3 of the Liberal party voted for granting votes to women, but were not obvious because the government collapsed and the Bill did not become law, thus illustrating the success of the electoral pact.However, there is evidence to suggest that politicians just ignored the Suffragists. Their success can be questioned, as all 40 of the Private Members Bills were rejected, and in the 2nd Conciliation Bill, MPs voted against enfranchising women. Also, without having the support of Asquith, Prime Minister at the time, the Suffragists were never going to be able to gain women the vote before 1914. In order to stop women gaining the vote, Asquith dropped the Second Conciliation Bill of 1911 and instead wished to put forward a bill that would give more men the vote, initially angering the WSPU. It is clear tha t some politicians did not see the Suffragist campaign as much of a threat, as in 1905 they held a mock debate, where MPs discussed a measure that would force horse and cart owners to have lamps, just to avoid even debating womens suffrage. This angered many members of the Womens Movement, the group of upper middle class women who wanted to gain more political rights and a more prominent place in society for women, and some even broke away to form their own, more forceful Womens Movement.The breakaway movement from the NUWSS was formed in 1903 and named the Womens Social and Political Union (WSPU). Led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, Sylvia and Christabel, they were prepared to be more active in an attempt to gain women the vote. Nicknamed the Suffragettes, they were rather extreme, with some of their tactics including pouring acid on golf courses where the MPs played, cutting telephone wires and even chaining themselves to railings during loud and often violent protests. T hese women even went to the extreme of destroying major works of art for publicity, for example, Mary Richardson who became known as Slasher Mary, attacked the Rockeby Venus by Velà ¯Ã ¿Ã ½zquez in the National gallery seven times with an axe in 1914, which gained a lot of news coverage. Suffragette militancy was the result of politicians trying to ignore the issue of votes for women in the early 19th century.It is arguable that their militancy set the cause back, as seen by the rejection of the idea of votes for women in the results of the 2nd Conciliation Bill in 1912, and Asquiths refusal to consider concessions until all militancy stopped. Even some women did not believe that having the vote was necessary, as they were content with their position in society. Many men were also opposed to women having the vote, and in 1909, a petition by the Mens League Opposing Womens Suffrage was signed by thousands of males like Lord Curzon, Vice President of the above league and of the Con servative Party who firmly believed that militancy resulted from the mental instability of women. These factors all seemed to prove that the militant approach did not work, and when Sylvia was kicked out of the WSPU in 1913, it was regarded that the Suffragette movement was too radical and aggressive by many. Their tactics angered politicians, who claimed that they showed women to be untrustworthy and unworthy of the vote. MPs thought that these women were mentally unstable and so were not in a suitable state of mind to vote sensibly. When Asquith agreed to meet in June 1914, he only met with the East London branch of Suffragettes. At this meeting, he agreed that it would be unjustified to grant limited suffrage to women with unlimited suffrage to men.This suggested a willingness to accept womens suffrage if it was part of a broader scheme. Yet, he did not meet with all Suffrage organisations. Suffragette militancy took the cause to the attention of the whole country. For example, t he Cat and Mouse Act of 1913, which was passed as hunger strikes were making the Suffragette prisoners ill, so they were sent home from prison to recover, then ordered back to serve their full sentence, allowed the whole nation to see how serious these women were about the cause, and at what lengths they would go to, to get their point across. Britains awareness was further raised when Emily Davidson ran out in front of the Kings horse at the Derby in 1912, subsequently killing herself. She was perceived by some as a martyr to the cause, but mainly as a fringe lunatic, as the WSPU didnt even know of her plan. In addition, the Suffragettes proved to politicians that they were responsible and dedicated to helping the nation when they ceased their campaign when war broke out in 1914.During the late 19th and early 20th century, women were advancing in the workplace, being employed as secretaries and typists, working in offices or shops and even as teachers in schools. This was due to th e growth of the Civil Service and the building of new department stores throughout Britain. These jobs were permitted because they didnt require the women to have much training, although women were paid less than men. By 1911 366,268 women were employed as shop assistants and 39,773 as civil servants. Women were granted more legal rights, such as being able to divorce their husbands if they were being violently abused and gained more rights over their children and money.They were even granted the right to vote in local elections in the Municipal Franchises Act of 1869, but only if they owned property themselves. As women were granted a better education in the late 1800s, the range of subjects taught to young women broadened and were improved, some women were permitted to go to university; a change which would have been seen as unacceptable in previous decades. However, educational opportunities were very different for working class women and middle class women. They were offered dif ferent access to education, which led to unequal job opportunities. These new educational rights for women benefited the middle class, but reinforced the working class domestic role by limiting their educational choice. The changing status of women during the early 20th century was rapidly sped up by the outbreak of war in 1914.The Great War was significant in the decision to grant women the vote, as women made a vital contribution to the war effort. Their work impressed politicians and convinced the Government of the political and strategic importance of women in a total war situation, as they were prepared to step up and help their country in a time of need by working in munitions factories, in the Womens Royal Air Force working on planes as mechanics, on farms in the Womens Land Army and also in shipyards.They quickly adjusted to their new role in society. It is evident that politicians like Asquith were convinced of womens importance, as shown by his backing of the 1918 Bill. Th e suspension of the Suffragette campaign at the outbreak of the Great War allowed the Government to grant votes to women once the war had ended. Moreover, the creation of a National Government in 1916 helped the womens campaign, as it brought sympathisers into Government, especially when Lloyd George became Prime Minister. Women now had much more of a chance of gaining the vote, since the PM was in favour of votes for women, as shown by his advocation for womens suffrage at various meetings. He only opposed the First Conciliation Bill of 1910 because it offered too limited a franchise. The Great War introduced many politicians who supported womens suffrage into Parliament.The Coalition Government contained several of them, and political opinion was coming round to support a limited form of womens suffrage. It is also supposed that women were enfranchised because the war had changed male perceptions about womens role in society. It was now evident that women were being accepted into the public world of work, which then led on to the acceptance of women into the world of politics too. In addition, the war allowed a number of hostile MPs to end their increasingly weak position of opposing women. They realised that reform was inevitable and so used the war work as a pretext to save face. Politicians such as Asquith didnt necessarily change their attitude towards women, but had been proved wrong that women were not trustworthy enough to receive the vote. These politicians were also reluctant to support a basically sexist position, and were outnumbered by the growing majority of politicians who now supported votes for women, and couldnt be seen to reject a plausible argument based on fact.Immediately after the war, however, there was a severe backlash of women in the workplace, and they were treated as though none of their war work mattered anymore. Men came back from fighting and wanted their jobs back in the factories and on the farmland. Women were angered by a t rade union conference in 1918 calling for women to be banned from unsuitable trades, and some women were even attacked by protesting, unemployed ex-servicemen in Bristol. By 1921, most women had left their wartime jobs as a result. These events show that for many, the womens war work was expected and was not seen as the womens capability to survive in what was considered a mans world.The Great War was the best opportunity for women to show that they were responsible enough to have the vote and of serious use to the country when it needed it most, although the Act which followed it did not please many of the women who had worked during the war in the hope that they would be enfranchised. The war did accelerate changing social attitudes, however, which had already been in existence before 1914 as shown by womens advances into the male world in the early 1900s. This social change greatly affected the decision to pass the 1918 Bill, as the government would have been reluctant to introdu ce the radical and traditionally opposed idea of votes for women without the major social change.The Suffragist campaign continued even after WW1 had started, and the Speakers Conference was held to try and resolve the franchise issue. The conference delayed considering the decision until January 1917 as it was so controversial, but realised that it had to be resolved to avoid further protest. The members of the conference indicated support for womens suffrage by a vote of 15 to 6, but rejected equal suffrage by a vote of 12 to 10. They decided that an age limit should be introduced as to how old women had to be before they could vote, but left it to Parliament to decide whether that age should be 30 or 35. This was a major step towards reform, but it did not guarantee that women would get the vote.As a result of this, Fawcett led a deputation from 22 suffrage societies that met with the Local Government Boards President in February, 1917. Fawcett was arguably the most important fig ure in the Suffrage campaigns, as she argued strongly against anti-suffragists and kept the Suffragist campaign going during WW1, even though the Suffragette movement ceased. It was decided that if the government put the Speakers Report in its bill, then the womens societies would have to accept it and not argue for more reform, like equal franchise. The Boards President urged the Cabinet to agree to this as it would prevent any further radical activities. Fawcett was critical to this also, as she persuaded the Suffrage societies to accept the agreement.The Speakers Conference was very important, as it indicates the importance of the Suffragist campaign. Gradually, the traditional perceptions that a womans role in society was to cook, clean and to look after their children, was eroded and generations of men, women and politicians witnessed the growing influence of women. These made the common male argument that women shouldnt get the vote appear illogical. After 1918, this reason be came less and less sensible, and there was little serious opposition to the 1928 Bill giving the vote to all women over 21, which was never in danger of being defeated. The changing social and political status of women before 1914, however, can be considered as the biggest impact in the decision to give women the vote, as it helped to create a political conscience on votes for women and reinforced the Suffragist message, even though the majority of the public werent in favour of women getting the vote.Overall, the Womens Suffrage campaigns had very significant importance in the decision to grant women the vote in 1918 because they demonstrated that women were not just housewives of less importance than their husbands and who were of no use, and that they were smart and determined people who had a dedicated desire for society to change to include women more. The Great War was important as it proved that women were more skilled that originally thought and gave politicians the chance t o recognise this, but postponed the decision to give women the vote. However, without changing social and economic status of women before the Great War, it can be assumed that Britains people would never have supported womens suffrage and thus the vote may not have been granted to women by 1918. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-37825203195320600712020-03-08T12:22:00.001-07:002020-03-08T12:22:02.472-07:00The Artistic Gladiator essaysThe Artistic Gladiator essays Art is defined in the Webster Dictionary as human ability to make things; creativity of man as distinguished from the world of nature (Websters New World College Dictionary). Now when most people think of art or see a definition like that, they think of art that can be viewed in museums, such as: paintings, and sculptures, not the considering art in film. Film can be viewed as all other forms of art thrown together to create an all-encompassing work of art. Movies have ingredients from almost all forms of art. The dialogue, and the plot the actual story being conveyed can be considered form literature. In fact most ideas and story lines for movies come from novels and other publications. Another contribution from the art world to film is music. Full scores of music are made particularly to suit the mood of the movie, the desired feeling that is communicated to the audience by the use of music. And in some cases the movie can make a single, or a whole sound track into its own marketable venture. Also the photography or in this case the cinematography in the film, the settings, realistic action sequences take great skill. And last but not least the theatrical aspects that go into a movie, the way the actors or actresses visually express the telling of a story and show feelings is the most important part. One film that I chose for an example of this is Gladiator. This film was a major award winner in its year of showing on the big screen. I choose this movie because I felt that it has been one in recent years that has caught my attention as being a movie that will be one revered as a classic when its time comes. It also displays all of the previous aspects of art that I have already mentioned. Gladiator was made in 2000 staring Russell Crowe as an army general for the Roman Empire. He is sentenced to death by the new ruling dictator of Rome due to fear of his power with the armys loya ... tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-42664089708002699312020-02-21T02:48:00.001-08:002020-02-21T02:48:02.713-08:00Immigrants and Health Care Access in the United States EssayImmigrants and Health Care Access in the United States - Essay Example From this study it is clear thatà the successive waves of immigration into the country has kept the country demographically young and enriched with a variety of cultures. Consequently, there have been an improved productive capacity throughout the country and this has helped shape the influence and position of the United States in the world. Immigration has always given the United States an economic edge in the global economy. Immigrants have brought the entrepreneurial spirit and innovative ideas into the economy of United States. Through immigrants, the demand for goods and service has increased. It is immigrants who have developed new innovative products such as Java computer language, a programming language that have created a lot of employment for millions of Americans.à This discussion highlights thatà the American immigration laws are very complex laws, and for one to become an American citizen there is a long way to go. The immigration policies provide several legal dis tinctions between different types of immigrants, such as naturalized citizens, undocumented immigrants, and noncitizens. Naturalized American citizens are individuals born in foreign countries but have become citizens of the United States lawfully and can enjoy all the rights enjoyed by American born citizens. The non citizens on their parts involve the individuals born in foreign countries but live in the United States lawfully but have not obtained American citizenship. They include the legal immigrants, refugees, asylums, and refugees. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-49864775383833479212020-02-05T03:44:00.001-08:002020-02-05T03:44:03.717-08:00Critically assess the postwar consensus thesis EssayCritically assess the postwar consensus thesis - Essay Example There was however, some conflicts noted between the parties concerning the postwar consensus. The parties had consent to similar principles as well as aims but had differences in styles and emphasis (Bogdanor, 2011, para 1-9). This paper therefore has the focus of analyzing the concept of post war consensus with attention on the policies inside this concept as well as understanding the collapse of the concept as reviewed through scholarly works. Much of the evolution in the concept is attributed to in differences postulated by partisan political parties as well as the administration over the period. The concept of welfare state comprehensive in Great Britain dates back to mid Second World War as was developed in the reposts of William Biveridge in 1942. This is therefore the postulated foundation upon which the concept of postwar consensus is claimed to be built. Therefore, the policy formulations that resulted from the government of the labor party formed a basis on which the consen sus was formed on. The government undertook and implemented various policies which were distinct to the leadership history of the country. The conservative party had great influence in the industrial charter, which followed the successful formation of the previous government by the labor party. Moreover, the acknowledgement of the various policy frameworks by the party as they were designed and implemented by the party in power made the conservative party to reserve many of the policies during the 1947 industrial charter (Anon, nd, p. 217-222). Great Britain categorizes the historical perspective into two phases which span through the consensus period as well as the period after the consensus was broken and the period runs to today. The consensus period spun the years 1945 to 1979 after which the post consensus period set in and has been up to the current period (Matthijs, 2008, p. ii). After the end of the Second World War, the consensus that settled in and had a guiding commitment to full employment, industries were nationalized, government undertook to control the economic demand through application of the Keynesian techniques. Moreover, the government adopted the social welfare in a system of self-sponsored technique. The period after the election in 1945 saw the labor party form the government and adapted reformation policies and not revolutionary policies (McCulloch, 1985, p. 465). Economist and other analysts interpreted the system of government adopted by the labor party government as reformists as against revolutionalists. Non-revolutionary alliances of trade unions as well democratic socialists were the foundations, which formed the Labour party. The governance structure that succeeded the election of the Labour party to office mainly comprised of the political class of persons who had gotten into politics in the early 20th century. This period, which span across the years 1945 to 1951, was a characteristic period in the history of the country as it is credited to be the period in which many of the legislations in Britain were formulated. The government also placed policies which oversaw many industries nationalized until the 1980s. The welfare state as was a characteris tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-61887750235574485792020-01-28T00:07:00.001-08:002020-01-28T00:07:07.732-08:00Other Word Formation Processes English Language EssayOther Word Formation Processes English Language Essay The language learners referred to in this essay are software engineers, in the age group of 23-26, tasked with developing software products for the travel industry. They were selected on the basis of their performance in a language assessment and identified as intermediate users of the language. All of them had studied English for 10 years in school and later at the university English was the medium of instruction. A few of them were risk takers, ready to take on tasks regardless of any mistakes they may make. There were those who were spurred on by the possibility of their deficient language skills impacting their career graph; they were also ready for self-learning and willing to take responsibility for their learning. Some were hesitant, unsure of their knowledge and afraid to make mistakes. All of them were, however, comfortable with technical language, but were very diffident to face situations that called for regular communication. They needed help with everyday vocabulary to communicate effectively with colleagues and clients. Word parts If we consider words as independent/freestanding units with meaning, a notion proposed by McCarthy (1990), then we can see that these units of meaning can further be broken down and re-combined to form other words. Though the word cancelled is an independently meaningful item, under closer observation it becomes clear that this word consists of two units cancel and the past tense marker -ed. The linguistic item cancel is a freestanding word in English, but there is no such word as -ed in English, even though -ed is a meaning-bearing unit. Such linguistic items that are not freestanding are said to be bound and these forms can occur only in combination with other forms. The two meaningful parts, cancel and -ed are called morphemes. Morphemes Katamba (2003) defines morphemes as the atoms with which words are built. Morphemes are the smallest unit of lexical and grammatical meaning and they are realized by morphs, as morphemes do not have a physical representation. A single morpheme can be manifested as multiple complementary morphs in distinct phonological or morphological contexts. Let us look at the past tense marker -ed to understand the distribution of these complementary morphs known as allomorphs. Free morphemes can stand alone as words; whereas bound morphemes such as -ed are only used in combination with other morphemes. There are word forms which have but a single unbound morpheme and others which consists of more than one morpheme. Words like talk, eat and mend are examples of freestanding morphemes and words such as predictable and reflection are formed by combining many morphemes. Affixation Affixes are bound morphemes attached to a stems either to create a new word or a word form. Affixation of morphemes can be either inflectional or derivational. Inflectional affixes Katamba (2003) posits that the English language has minimal inflections because of its tendency to be an isolating language. The few inflections it has are all suffixes. These suffixes are bound morphemes and are attached to the stem to inflect or change words to express grammatical features, such as the changes in tense, number, possession, and degrees of adjectives. There are 8 inflectional suffixes in English and they are: Derivational Affixes In English derivational affixes include both prefixes and suffixes. Katamba (2003) says that the purpose of derivation is to create lexical items and not to produce grammatical units that will fit in a given syntactic position. The three important derivational processes in English are: affixation, conversion and compounding. Affixation is one of the commonest methods of forming words in English. Derivational affixes can be either prefixes, those that are added before the base, or suffixes, that are attached after the base. Word forming processes like creating nouns from verbs, adjectives from verbs and verbs from adjectives are examples of a few derivational practices in English. Derivational affixes are different from inflexional affixes in many ways: They change the word class as well as the meaning of a word to which it is linked energy (n) +- ise -Ãâà energise (v) Even though they combine to create a new word they are not affected by syntactic relations outside of the word, they can be separated and recombined with other morphemes to form other combinations. Stem Suffix Derived word Govern (v) -able Governable (adj) Enjoy (v) -ment Enjoyment Derivational morphemes can be attached only to certain stems. Stem Suffix Derived word Violin -ist Violinist Drum -ist *drumist Drum -er Drummer *drumist is not an acceptable word. Other word formation processes Conversion or zero derivation is the predominant method of generating lexical items in English. In this process a lexical item is assigned to a new syntactic category. The word permit can be used either as a noun or as a verb; the phonological representation and the grammatical context in which it is placed are the two aspects that can alert the change in the word-class. (Permit (v) and perMit (n). Crystal (2012) quotes from Shakespeare, Petruchio is Kated as an example of conversion the name of a person becoming a verb to further his argument that conversion was a customary word-formation process even during Shakespeares time. Compounding is the process of joining two bases to create a new word; of the two words, one which is syntactically dominant is considered the head and the other as the modifier. Generally the modifier is placed in front of the head and any suffix that might later be added to the compound word is attached to the head. Compound words are different from phrases; the meaning of a compound word, unlike a phrase, is not the sum of the meaning of the base units that form the word. Iin a compound word the primary stress is on the first word and in a phrase the primary stress is on the last word. Phrase Compound word Meaning of the compound . Blue print Blueprint an early plan or design for a project green house Greenhouse a building used for growing plants that need warmth Should word parts be learned? A cost/benefit analysis of the learning of word parts should be reason enough for a learner of English language to study word parts. Nation quotes from Roberts (1964), Grinstead (1925) and Bird (1987,1990) to point out that around 60% of the English vocabulary is derived from German, French, Latin and Greek and that a large proportion of these words make use of affixes. The analysis of the LOB Corpus carried out by Bird revealed that 97% of the words in the LOB corpus were derived from around 2,000 roots. Nation maintains that the origins of the English vocabulary and the frequency of word parts validate the study of word parts. The two arguments levelled against the teaching/learning of word parts are based on the contention that, the effort involved in learning word parts is not commensurate with language output. A word is not a sum of its parts The first argument against the teaching of word parts is that the meaning of a word is not the sum of its parts (Deighton, 1970); This argument has been countered by White, Power and White (1989) drawing on their own as well as Nagy and Andersons (1984) empirical evidence that most of the affixed words probably at least 80% convey the meaning their parts suggest. Katamba (2003) argues that compositionality is the key to understanding a word. He says that if we know the meaning of the smaller units which make up the larger units we can decipher the meaning of the whole. For example, if we know the meaning of the suffix -ful (filled with x), and the meaning of the base to which these suffixes are attached, then the meaning of words like useful, careful, fearful and cheerful become self-explanatory. Most of the morphemes that form a word have regular/stable meaning; for example, the prefix re- means again in almost all the words in which it occurs. In the light of the empirical evidence and the example we saw we can conclude that the meaning of most of the English words is what its parts suggest and therefore knowledge of the meaning of the parts can help a learner understand a word across contexts and usage. If we were to extend this argument further we could say that this knowledge along with the contextual clues would be useful in decoding even the metaphorical meaning of a word; a head hunter would thus lose the sinister overtones of the past and acquire the current meaning of someone who recruits people into key business positions. Word families in the lexicon The next argument against teaching/learning of word parts is that the knowing the parts of a word may not familiarise a learner with all the members of that word family (Schmitt 1998, 1999, Schmitt Meara 1997). Nation argues that the notion of word family is psychologically real and a word is to be seen as a member of a word family. Knowledge of the word parts can help the learners understand a word in its relation to the other members of the family. For instance, knowledge of the various inflections of English and the meaning of the base of the word predict can familiarise a learner with all the possible combinations (family members) of predict; predict- predicted- predicting- predictable and prediction are just some of the members of that family. Nagy, Anderson, Schommer, Scott, and Stallman (1989) points out that the speed of recognition of a word is based on the frequency of occurrence of the members of that word family. They quote the findings of Stanners, Neiser, Hernon, Hall (1979) to advance their argument that related words are linked in the mental lexicon. So there are linked entries for create, creates created and creation and accessing any word from this family can partly activate other family members. Word parts are not just linked in the mental lexicon, but morphologically ordered to represent the relation. Interpreting the meaning Another argument against learning word parts is that L2 learners using this for guessing the meaning of a word might cause the learner to misinterpret the word. Schmitt quotes Haynes (1993) to validate this argument; Haynes found that learners continued with the wrong meaning even though it didnt contribute to the context. For example Inflammable is often misinterpreted to mean non-flammable. Clarke and Nation (1980) caution that word parts strategy should be used to verify the guesses drawn from the context. Furthermore, knowledge of the word parts empowers the learner by teaching him to apply his understanding at the receptive and productive level. At the receptive level it teaches him a) to identify the different components of a complex word, b) to be aware that these word parts can be used to make other words, c) how the meaning of the different parts combine to make a new meaning, and d) how the sum of the parts relates to the dictionary meaning. At the productive level it makes him aware of how the formal changes can affect the spelling, pronunciation and the word class of the base when a complex word is formed. (Nation) The challenges Learning word parts presents a set of challenges to language learners. The greatest challenge is that of time and exposure. Studies conducted by Nagy, Diakody, Anderson (1993) point out that L1 learners do not acquire proficiency in morphology until their high school; if this takes so long to develop in L1 learners despite their advantage of maximum exposure, then L2 learners are likely to take more time to learn this aspect (Schmitt). Even though the learners in my group had studied English for ten years, they have learned inflectional suffixes only as part of grammar exercises and have never been explicitly taught derivational affixes. Their exposure to morphological forms was not commensurate with the duration of their study. They have used these forms productively without much knowledge about the rules that guide most of these formations; Though I have putted remainders for this tasks, accidently the remainder was unanswered; the meeting is preponed to three in the afternoon, he is very confidential during presentations are examples of the common errors. Schmitt points out that lack of consistency in affixation can cause problems even if the meaning of the parts is clear. He gives the example of the suffix -ist. Stem Suffix derived word Cycle -ist Cyclist Act -ist *actist Act -or Actor Another challenge for the L2 learner is the lack of awareness that not all words can be broken into parts. Learners sometimes try to decompose words like refuse, repel, repeat, revamp and attempt to use the perceived stem, resulting in a meaningless word. Learners often have difficulty with the formal changes that occur with affixation in spelling and pronunciation. Some derivational affixes lack consistent spelling and has to be learned individually. base suffix word suggest -able suggestible afford -able affordable Gairns Redman notes that affixation sometimes produces changes in stress and sounds in a word. democrat /demÃâ°Ã¢â ¢kraet/ democratic /demÃâ°Ã¢â ¢kraetÃâà ±k/ democracy /dÃâà ±mÃâ°Ã¢â¬â¢krÃâ°Ã¢â ¢sÃâà ±/ Derivational suffixes need to be do not follow rules strategies- guidelines how A good starting point for any teacher wishing to remedy this situation would be to train the learners to break, the complex words that are already known to the learner, into its components and to help them understand the functional meaning of these components. encourage the learners to become more aware of these morphological instill in the mond of the learner that all aspects of language learning is incremental an beA teachers task has probably never been well defines as in this situation Language learning is incremental A good game plan to remedy t Nation suggests that learners should be taught complex words as unanalyzed wholes before they begin to analyze word parts. teacher I would explicit teaching of select morphological units appropriate to the learner level, training the learners the .A teacher needs to introduce the learners to complex words before they are trained to analyse the different parts of that word. Because morphological acquisition is incremental in nature explicit teaching of level suitable affixes ,encouraging them to notice the correct forms encountered in newspapers regular exposure through exercises and receptive material. This rules out the possibility of a completely graded approach; instead I would collect words for analysis from their Collocation Time consuming Not all words can be broken into parts Affixes are not transparent Some affixes are used mor frequently than others so need to be selective Guessing a wrong meaning and sticking on with that explanation even though it made no sense. (Haynes 1993) -Clarke and Nation (1980)- word parts best used to confirm/verify the meaning. Difficulty in guessing the word class deciding on an appropriate stress, formal changes in spelling, phonetics and word forms Derivational suffixes need to be learned individually do not follow rules strategies- guidelines how Furthermore, it empowers the learner by teaching him to apply his understanding at the receptive and productive level. At the receptive level it teaches him a) to identify the different components of a complex word, b) to be aware that these word parts can be used to make other words, c) how the meaning of the different parts combine to make a new meaning, and d) how the sum of the parts relates to the dictionary meaning. At the productive level it makes him aware of how the formal changes can affect the spelling, pronunciation and the word class of the base when a complex word is formed. (Nation) tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-14192282549674585172020-01-19T20:29:00.001-08:002020-01-19T20:29:03.496-08:00The Jihad Trap :: September 11 Terrorism EssaysThe Jihad Trap à The war America is engaged in after the attacks on the WTC, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania is a war for the hearts and minds of average Muslims around the world. Bin Laden, if indeed he is the mastermind behind the attacks, has set a trap for the US into which it must not fall. By attacking the US as part of a jihad ("a holy war"), Bin Laden is in fact claiming to Muslims to represent their grievances and to represent real Islam. He is in effect saying: "Muslims, I share your grievances unlike your corrupt and authoritarian governments; I am the only one doing something about it. I have destroyed the symbols of American capitalism and stopped the heartbeat of world finance which the US dominates." The US, as well as moderate Muslims the world over, must unite and deny him this symbolic victory and must not accept to engage him in combat on these terms. We should not let him define the terms of our intellectual and symbolic battle. As a professor of Islamic law I have researched the law of jihad and can state unequivocally that the war Bin Laden has engaged us in cannot be labeled a jihad. Furthermore, I believe a strong case can be made that he has acted contrary to the tenets of Islam and can be ostracized from the community of believing Muslims. Moderate Muslims will agree with me, certainly, as they are horrified by this attack and are desperate to have it disassociated from their religion. The West must provide moderate Muslims a way out of Bin Laden's trap. According to Islamic law there are at least six reasons why Bin Laden's barbaric violence cannot fall under the rubric of jihad: 1. Individuals and organizations cannot declare a jihad, only states can; 2. One cannot kill innocent women and children when conducting a jihad; 3. One cannot kill Muslims in a jihad; 4. One cannot fight a jihad against a country in which Muslims can freely practice their religion and proselytize Islam; 5. Prominent Muslim jurists around the world have condemned these attacks and their condemnation forms a juristic consensus (ijma`) against Bin Laden's actions. This consensus renders his actions un-Islamic; 6. The welfare and interest of the Muslim community (maslaha) is being harmed by Bin Laden's actions and this equally makes them un-Islamic. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-77122358018024070942020-01-11T16:53:00.001-08:002020-01-11T16:53:04.159-08:00Project on Comparison of Public and Private Sector BankingGenesis The banking sector has been undergoing a complex, but comprehensive phase ofà restructuring since 1991, with a view to make it sound, efficient, and at the same time it isforging its links firmly with the real sector for promotion of savings, investment andà growth. Although a complete turnaround in banking sector performance is not expected till thecompletion of reforms, signs of improvement are visible in some indicators under theCAMELS framework. Under this bank is required to enhance capital adequacy, strengthenasset quality, improve management, increase earnings and reduce sensitivity to variousfinancial risks.The almost simultaneous nature of these developments makes it difficult todisentangle the positive impact of reform measures. In 1994, the RBI established the Board of Financial Supervision, which operates as a unit ofà the RBI. The entire supervisory mechanism was realigned to suit the changing needs of astrong and stable financial system. The supervisory ju risdiction of the BFS was slowlyextended to the entire financial system barring the capital market institutions and theinsurance sector. Its mandate is to strengthen supervision of the financial system byintegrating oversight of the activities of financial services firms.The BFS has alsoestablished a sub-committee to routinely examine auditing practices, quality, and coverage. In 1995, RBI had set up a working group under the chairmanship of Shri S. Padmanabhan toreview the banking supervision system. The Committee gave certain recommendations andà based on such suggestions a rating system for domestic and foreign banks based on theinternational CAMELS model combining financial management and sensitivity to marketrisks element was introduced for the inspection cycle commencing from July 1998.Itrecommended that the banks should be rated on a five point scale (A to E) based on the linesof international CAMELS rating model. CAMELS rating model measures the relativesoundness of a bank . bj ectives of the Pro j ect Study ?To study the Financial Performance of the b anks.? y To study the strength of using CAMELS framework as a tool of Performanceevaluation for Commercial banks y To describe the CAMELS model of ranking banking institutions, so as to analyzeà theà performance of various bank. R ationaleIn the recent years the financial system especially the banks have undergone numerouschanges in the form of reforms, regulations & norms. The attempt here is to see how variousratios have been used and interpreted to reveal a bankà ¶s performance and how this particularà model encompasses a wide range of parameters making it a widely used and accepted modelin todayà ¶s scenario. Data Collection y Primary Data : Primary data was collectedà from the Banksà ¶ balance sheets and profitand loss statements. y Secondary Data : Secondary data on the subject was collected from ICFAI journals,Banksà ¶ annual reports and RBIM ethodologyAs long as the methodology is co ncerned, we have made use of a framework calledCAMELS FRAMEWORK. There are so many models of evaluating the performance of theà banks, but I have chosen the CAMELS Model for this purpose. I have gone through severalà books, journals and websites and found it the best model because it measures theà performance of the banks from each parameter i. e. Capital, Assets, Management, Earnings,Liquidity and Sensitivity toà Market risks. CAMELS evaluate banks onà the following six parameters : -? Capital Adequacy (CRAR)? Asset Quality (GNPA)? Management Soundness (MGNT)?Earnings & profitability (ROA)? Liquidity (LQD)? Sensitivity to Marketà Risks (? ) websitDuring an on-site bank exam, supervisors gather private information, such as details onà problem loans, with which to evaluate a bank's financial condition and to monitor itscompliance with laws and regulatory policies. A key product of such an exam is asupervisory rating of the bank's overall condition, commonly referred to as a CAMELSrating. The acronym ââ¬Å"CAMELâ⬠refers to the five components of a bank's condition that areassessed : Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management, Earnings, and Liquidity.A sixthcomponent, a bank's Sensitivity to market risk was added in 1997; hence the acronym waschanged to CAMELSAMELS is basically a ratio-based model for evaluating the performance of banks. Variousratios forming this model are explained below : Capital base of financial institutions facilitates depositors in forming their risk perceptionabout the institutions. Also, it is the key parameter for financial managers to maintainadequate levels of capitalization. The most widely used indicator of capital adequacy iscapital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CRWA).According to Bank Supervision RegulationCommittee (The Basle Committee) of Bank for International Settlements, a minimum 9à percent CRWA is required. Thus, it is useful to track capital-adequacy ratios that take intoaccount the most important financial risks? foreign exchange, credit, and interest raterisks? by assigning risk weightings to the institutionà ¶s assets. A sound capital basestrengthens confidence of depositors. This ratio is used to protect depositors and promote thestability and efficiency of financial systems around the world. Capital R isk Adequacy R atio:CRAR is a ratio of Capital Fund to Risk Weighted Assets. Reserve Bank of India prescribesBanks to maintain a minimum Capital to risk-weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR) of 9 % withregard to credit risk, market risk and operational risk on an ongoing basis, as against 8 %à prescribed in Basel documents. Component-wise Capital Adequacy of ScheduledCommercial Banks (As at end- M arch) Capital to R isk W eighted Assets R atio- Bank Group-wise Total capital includes tier-I capital and Tier-II capital. Tier-I capital includes paid up equitycapital, free reserves, intangible assets etc.Tier-II capital includes long term unsecuredloans, loss reserves, hybrid debt ca pital instruments etc. The higher the CRAR, the strongerà is considered a bank, asà it ensures high safety against bankruptcy. Asset quality determines the robustness of financial institutions against loss of value in theassets. The deteriorating value of assets, being prime source of banking problems, directlyà pour into other areas, as losses are eventually written off against capital, which ultimatelyà jeopardizes the earning capacity of the institution. With this backdrop, the asset quality isgauged n relation to the level and severity of non-performing assets, adequacy ofà à provisions, recoveries, distribution of assets etc. Popular indicators include non-performingloans to advances, loan default to total advances, and recoveries to loan default ratios. One of the indicators for asset quality is the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans(GNPA). The gross non-performing loans to gross advances ratio is more indicative of thequality of credit decisions made by bankers. Higher GNPA is indicative of poor creditdecision-making. N PA: N on-Performing Assets:Advances are classified into performing and non-performing advances (NPAs) as per RBIguidelines. NPAs are further classified into sub-standard, doubtful and loss assets based onthe criteria stipulated by RBI. An asset, including a leased asset, becomes non-performingwhen it ceases toà generate income for the Bank. An NPA is a loan or an advance where : 1. Interest and/or installment of principal remains overdue for a period of more than 90days in respect of a term loan;2. The account remains ââ¬Å"out-of-orderâ⬠in respect of an Overdraft or Cash Credit(OD/CC);3.The bill remains overdue forà a period of more thanà 90 days in case of bills purchasedand discounted;4. A loan granted for short duration crops will be treated as an NPA if the installmentsof principal or interest thereon remain overdueà for two crop seasons; and5. A loan granted for long duration crops will be treat ed as an NPA if the installmentsof principal or interest thereon remain overdueà for one crop season. The Bank classifies an account as an NPA only if the interest imposed during any quarter isnot fully repaid within 90 days from the end of the relevant quarter. This is a key to thestability of the banking sector.There should be no hesitation in stating that Indian bankshave done a remarkable job in containment of non-performing loans (NPL) considering theoverhang issues and overall difficult environment. For 2008, the net NPL ratio for the Indianscheduled commercial banks at 2. 9 per cent is ample testimony to the impressive effortsà being made by our banking system. In fact, recovery management is also linked to theà banksà ¶ interest margins. The cost and recovery management supported by enabling legalframework hold the key to future health and competitiveness of the Indian banks.No doubt,improving recovery-management in India is an area requiring expeditious and effective actions in legal, institutional and judicial processes. Management of financial institution is generally evaluated in terms of capital adequacy,asset quality, earnings and profitability, liquidity and risk sensitivity ratings. In addition,à performance evaluation includes compliance with set norms, ability to plan and react tochanging circumstances, technical competence, leadership and administrative ability. Ineffect, management rating is just an amalgam of performance in the above-mentioned areas.Sound management is one of the most important factors behind financial institutionsà ¶Ã performance. Indicators of quality of management, however, are primarily applicable toindividual institutions, and cannot be easily aggregated across the sector. Furthermore, giventhe qualitative nature of management, it is difficult to judge its soundness just by looking atfinancial accounts of the banks. Nevertheless, total expenditure to total income and operating expense to total expense helps in gauging the management quality of the banking institutions.Sound management is key toà bank performance but is difficult to measure. It is primarily a qualitative factor applicable toindividual institutions. Several indicators, however, can jointly serve? as, for instance,efficiency measures do-as an indicator of managementà soundness. The ratio of non-interest expenditures to total assets (MGNT) can be one of the measures toassess the working of the management. . This variable, which includes a variety of expenses,such as payroll, workers compensation and training investment, reflects the managementà policy stance. E fficiencyR atios demonstrate how efficiently the company uses its assets and howefficiently the company manages its operations. Indicates the relationship between assets and revenue. ? Companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover, those with highà profit margins have low asset turnover ââ¬â it indicates pricing strategy. ? This rati o is more useful for growth companies to check if in fact they are growingrevenue in proportion to sales. Asset Turnover Analysis: This ratio is useful to determine the amount of sales that are generated from each rupee ofà assets.As noted above, companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset turnover,those with high profit margins have low asset turnover. Earnings and profitability, the prime source of increase in capital base, is examined withregards to interest rate policies and adequacy of provisioning. In addition, it also helps tosupport present and future operations of the institutions. The single best indicator used togauge earning is the Return on Assets (ROA), which is net income after taxes to total assetratio. Strong earnings and profitability profile of banks reflects the ability to support present andfuture operations.More specifically, this determines the capacity toà absorb losses, finance itsexpansion, pay dividends to its shareholders, and build up a n adequate level of capital. Being front line of defense against erosion of capital base from losses, the need for highearnings and profitability can hardly be overemphasized. Although different indicators areused to serve the purpose, the best and most widely used indicator is Return on Assets(ROA). However, for in-depth analysis, another indicator Net Interest Margins (NIM) is alsoused. Chronically unprofitable financial institutions risk insolvency.Compared with mostother indicators, trends in profitability can be more difficult to interpret-for instance,unusually high profitability can reflect excessive risk taking. R O A- R eturn on Assets: An indicator of howà profitable a company is relative to its total assets. ROA gives anà idea asto how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. Calculated bydividing a company's annual earnings by its total assets, ROA is displayed as a percentage. Sometimes this is referred to as ââ¬Å"return on investmentâ⬠. ROA tells what earnings were generated from invested capital (assets).ROA for publiccompanies can vary substantially and will be highly dependent on the industry. This is why when using ROA as a comparative measure, it is best to compare it against a company'sà previous ROA numbers or theà ROA of a similar company. The assets of the company are comprised of both debt and equity. Both of these types ofà financing are used to fund the operations of the company. The ROA figure gives investorsan idea of how effectively the company is converting the money it has to invest into netincome. The higher the ROA number, the better, because the company is earning moremoney on less investment.For example, if one company has a net income of $1 million andtotal assets of $5 million, its ROA is 20%; however, if another company earns the sameamount but has total assets of $10 million, it has an ROA of 10%. Based on this example,the first company is better at converting its investment into profit. When you really thinkà about it, management's most important job is to make wise choices in allocating itsresources. Anybody can make a profit by throwing a ton of money at a problem, but veryfew managers excel atà making large profits with little investment. R eturn on Assets and R eturn on E quity of SCBs- Bank Group-wiseAn adequate liquidity position refers to a situation, where institution can obtain sufficientfunds, either by increasing liabilities or by converting its assets quickly at a reasonable cost. It is, therefore, generally assessed in terms of overall assets and liability management, asmismatching gives rise to liquidity risk. Efficient fund management refers to a situationwhere a spread between rate sensitive assets (RSA) and rate sensitive liabilities (RSL) ismaintained. The most commonly used tool to evaluate interest rate exposure is the Gapà between RSA and RSL,à while liquidity is gauged by liquid to total asset ratio.Initially solvent financial institutions may be driven toward closure by poor management ofà short-term liquidity. Indicators should cover funding sources and capture large maturitymismatches. The term liquidity is used in various ways, all relating to availability of, accessto, or convertibility into cash. ? An institution is said to have liquidity if it can easily meet its needs for cash eitherà à because it has cash onà hand or can otherwise raise or borrow cash. ? A market is said to be liquid if the instruments it trades can easily be bought or soldin quantity with little impact on market prices. ?An asset is said to be liquid if theà market for that asset is liquid. The common theme in all three contexts is cash. A corporation is liquid if it has ready accessto cash. A market is liquid if participants can easily convert positions into cash? orà conversely. An asset is liquid if it can easily be converted to cash. The liquidity of aninstitution depends on : y the institution's short-term need for cash; y cash on hand; y available lines of credit; y the liquidity of theà institution's assets; y The institution's reputation in the marketplace? how willing will counterparty is totransact trades with or lend to theà institution?The liquidity of a market is often measured as the size of its bid-ask spread, but this is animperfect metric at best. More generally, Kyle (1985) identifies three components of marketliquidity : ? Tightness is the bid-ask spread; ? Depth is the volume of transactions necessary toà move prices; ? Resiliency is the speed with which prices return to equilibrium following a largetrade. Examples of assets that tend to be liquid include foreign exchange; stocks traded in theStock Exchange or recently issued Treasury bonds. Assets that are often illiquid includelimited partnerships, thinly traded bonds or real estate.Cash maintained by the banks and balances with central bank, to total asset ratio (LQD) isan indicator of bank's liquidity. In general, banks with a larger volume of liquid assets areà perceived safe, since these assets would allowà banks to meet unexpectedà withdrawals. Credit deposit ratio is a tool used to study the liquidity position of the bank. It is calculatedà by dividing the cash held in different forms by total deposit. A high ratio shows that there ismore amounts of liquid cash with the bank to met its clients cash withdrawals. It refers to the risk that changesà in market conditions could adversely impact earnings and/orà capital.Market Risk encompasses exposures associated with changes in interest rates, foreignexchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices, etc. While all of these items are important,the primary risk in most banks is interest rate risk (IRR), which will be the focus of thismodule. The diversified nature of bank operations makes them vulnerable to various kindsof financial risks. Sensitivity analysis reflects institutionà ¶s exposure to interest rate risk,foreign exchange volatility and equity price risks (these risks are summed in market risk). Risk sensitivity is mostly evaluated in terms of managementà ¶s ability to monitor and controlmarket risk.Banks are increasingly involved in diversified operations, all of which are subject to marketrisk, particularly in the setting of interest rates and the carrying out of foreign exchangetransactions. In countries that allow banks to make trades in stock markets or commodityexchanges, there is also aà need to monitor indicators of equity and commodity price risk. Sensitivity to Market Risk is a recent addition to the ratings parameters and reflects thedegree to which changes in interest rates, exchange rates, commodity prices and equityà prices can affect earnings andà hence the bankà ¶s capital. Ità is measured by Beta (? . 1. ? ;1, depicts that changes in the firm are less than the changes in the market. LessSensitive2. ? =1, depicts that there is equivalent change in the firm with the changes i n themarket Equally Sensitive. 3. ? ;1, depicts that changes in the firm are more than the changes in the market. Highly Sensitive. The Bank The word bank means an organization where people and business can invest or borrowmoney; change it to foreign currency etc. According to Halsbury ? A Banker is an individual,Partnership or Corporation whose sole pre-dominant business is banking, that is the receiptof money on current or deposit ccount, and the payment of cheque drawn and the collectionof cheque paid in by a customer. à ¶Ã ¶ The O rigin and Use of Banks The Word à µBankà ¶ is derived from the Italian word à µBankoà ¶ signifying a bench, which waserected in the market-place, where it was customary to exchange money. The Lombard Jewswere the first to practice this exchange business, the first bench having been established inItaly A. D. 808. Some authorities assert that the Lombard merchants commenced theà business of money-dealing, employing bills of exchange as remittance s, about the beginningof the thirteenth century.About the middle of the twelfth century it became evident, as the advantage of coinedmoney was gradually acknowledged, that there must be some controlling power, somecorporation which would undertake to keep the coins that were to bear the royal stamp up toa certain standard of value; as, independently of the à µsweatingà ¶ which invention may place tothe credit of the ingenuity of the Lombard merchants- all coins will, by wear or abrasion,à become thinner, and consequently less valuable; and it is of the last importance, not only forà the credit of a country, but for the easier regulation of commercial transactions, that themetallic currency be kept as nearly as possible up to the legal standard. Much unnecessarytrouble and annoyance has been caused formerly by negligence in this respect. The gradualmerging of the business of a goldsmith into a bank appears to have been the way in whichà banking, as we now understand the term, was introduced into England; and it was not untillong after the establishment of banks in other countries-for state purposes, the regulation ofà the coinage, etc. that any large or similar institution was introduced into England.It is onlywithin the last twenty years that printed cheques haveà been in use in that establishment. Firstcommercial bank was Bank of Venice which was established in 1157à in Italy. Banking sector, the world over, is known for the adoption of multidimensional strategiesfrom time to time with varying degrees of success. Banks are very important for the smoothfunctioning of financial markets as they serve as repositories of vital financial informationand can potentially alleviate the problems created by information asymmetries. From acentral bankà ¶s perspective, such high-quality disclosures help the early detection ofà à problems faced by banks in the market and reduce the severity of market disruptions.Consequently, the RBI as part and parcel of the financial sector deregulation, attempted toenhance the transparency of the annual reports of Indian banks by, among other things,introducing stricter income recognition and asset classification rules, enhancing the capitaladequacy norms, and by requiring a number of additional disclosures sought by investors tomake better cash flow and risk assessments. [Source : RBI Website] BAS EL ââ¬â II ACC O R D Bank capital framework sponsored by the world's central banks designed to promoteuniformity, make regulatory capital more risk sensitive, and promote enhanced riskà management among large, internationally active banking organizations. The InternationalCapital Accord, as it is called, will be fully effective by January 2008 for banks active ininternational markets. Other banks can choose to ââ¬Å"opt in,â⬠or they can continue to follow theminimum capital guidelines in the original Basel Accord, finalized in 1988.The revisedaccord (Basel II) completely overhauls the 1988 Basel Accord and is based on threemutually supporting concepts, orà ââ¬Å"pillars,â⬠of capital adequacy. The first of these pillars is anexplicitly defined regulatory capital requirement, a minimum capital-to-asset ratio equal toat least 8% of risk-weighted assets. Second, bank supervisory agencies, such as theComptroller of the Currency, have authority to adjust capital levels for individual banksabove the 9% minimum when necessary. The third supporting pillar calls upon marketdiscipline to supplement reviews by banking agencies. Basel II is the second of the Basel Accords, which are recommendations on banking lawsand regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.The purpose ofà Basel II, which was initially published in June 2004, is to create an international standardthat banking regulators can use when creating regulations about how much capital banksneed to put aside to guard against the types of financial and operational risks banks face. Advocat es of Basel II believe that such an international standard can help protect theinternational financial system from the types of problems that might arise should a majorà à bank or aà series of banks collapse. In practice, Basel II attempts to accomplish this by settingup rigorous risk and capital management requirements designed to ensure that a bank holdscapital reserves appropriate to the risk the bank exposes itself to through its lending andinvestment practices. [Source : RBI Website] The final version aims at: 1.Ensuring that capital allocation is more risk sensitive;2. Separating operational risk from credit risk, and quantifying both;3. Attempting to align economic and regulatory capital more closely to reduce thescope for regulatory arbitrage. While the final accord has largely addressed the regulatory arbitrage issue, there are stillareas where regulatory capital requirements will diverge from the economic. Basel II has largely left unchanged the question of how to ac tually define bank capital,which diverges from accounting equity in important respects. The Basel I definition, asmodified up to the present, remains in place. The Accord in operation Basel II uses a ââ¬Å"three pillarsâ⬠concept y inimum capital requirements (addressing risk), y supervisory review and y market discipline à ± to promote greater stability in the financial system. The Basel I accord dealt with only parts of each of these pillars. For example : with respectto the first Basel II pillar, only one risk, credit risk, was dealt with in a simple manner whilemarket risk was an afterthought; operational risk was notà dealt with at all. The First Pillar The first pillar deals with maintenance of regulatory capital calculated for three majorà components of risk that a bank faces : credit risk, operational risk and market risk. Otherà risks are not considered fully quantifiable at this stage.The credit risk component can be calculated in three different ways of varyi ng degree ofà sophistication, namely standardized approach, Foundation IRB and Advanced IRB. IRBstands for ââ¬Å"Internal Rating-Based Approachâ⬠. For operational risk, there are three different approaches ââ¬â basic indicator approach,standardized approach and advanced measurement approach. For market risk the preferredapproach is VaR (value atà risk). As the Basel II recommendations are phased in by the banking industry it will move fromstandardized requirements to more refined and specific requirements that have beendeveloped for each risk category by each individual bank. The upside for banks that dodevelop their own bespoke risk measurement systems is that they will be rewarded withà potentially lower risk capital requirements.In future there will be closer links between theconcepts of economic profit and regulatory capital. Credit Risk can be calculated by using one of three approaches : 1. Standardized Approach2. Foundation IRB (Internal Ratings Based) Approac h3. Advanced IRB ApproachThe standardized approach sets out specific risk weights for certain types of credit risk. Thestandard risk weight categories are used under Basel 1 and are 0% for short termgovernment bonds, 20% for exposures to OECD Banks, 50% for residential mortgages and 100% weighting on commercial loans. A new 150% rating comes in for borrowers with poorà credit ratings. The minimum capital requirement (the percentage of risk weighted assets toà be held as capital) has remains atà 8%.For those Banks that decide to adopt the standardized ratings approach they will be forced torely on the ratings generated by external agencies. Certain Banks are developing the IRBapproach as a result. The Second Pillar The second pillar deals with the regulatory response to the first pillar, giving regulatorsmuch improved ââ¬Ëtools' over those available to them under Basel I. It also provides aframework for dealing with all the other risks a bank may face, such as systemic risk, à pension risk, concentration risk, strategic risk, reputation risk, liquidity risk and legal risk,which the accord combines under the title of residual risk. It gives banks a power to reviewtheir risk managementà system. The Third Pillar The third pillar greatly increases the disclosures that the bank must make.This is designedto allow the market to have a better picture of the overall risk position of the bank and toallow the counterparties of the bank to price and deal appropriately. The new Basel Accordhas its foundation on three mutually reinforcing pillars that allow banks and bankà supervisors to evaluate properly the various risks that banks face and realign regulatorycapital more closely with underlying risks. The first pillar is compatible with the credit risk,market risk and operational risk. The regulatory capital will be focused on these three risks. The second pillar gives the bank responsibility to exercise the best ways to manage the riskà specific to that ba nk. Concurrently, it also casts responsibility on the supervisors to reviewand validate banksà ¶ risk measurement models.The third pillar on market discipline is usedto leverage the influence that other market players can bring. This is aimed at improving thetransparency in banks andà improves reporting. State Bank of India is the largest banking and financial services company in India, by almostevery parameter ââ¬â revenues, profits, assets, market capitalization, etc. The bank traces itsancestry to British India, through the Imperial Bank of India, to the founding in 1806 of theBank of Calcutta, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian Subcontinent. TheGovernment of India nationalized the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with the ReserveBank of India taking a 60% stake, and renamed it the State Bank of India.In 2008, theGovernment took over theà stake held by the Reserve Bank of India. SBI provides a range of banking products through its vast network of branches in India andoverseas, including products aimed at NRIs. The State Bank Group, with over 16,000à branches, has the largest banking branch network in India. With an asset base of $260 billionand $195 billion in deposits, it is a regional banking behemoth. It has a market share amongIndian commercial banks of about 20% in deposits and advances, and SBI accounts forà almost one-fifth of the nation's loans. The total assets of the Bank increased by 9. 23% fromRs. 9,64,432. 08 crores at the end of March 2009 to Rs. 10,53,413. 3 crores as at end March2010. The Bankà ¶s aggregate liabilities (excluding capital and reserves) rose by 8. 93% fromRs. 9,06,484. 38 crores on 31st March 2009 to Rs. 9,87,464. 53 crores on 31st March 2010. K ey performance I ndicators [Source : Annual Report, 2009-10]SBI has tried to reduce over-staffing by computerizing operations and ââ¬Å"golden handshakeâ⬠schemes that led to a flight of its best and brightest managers. These managers took theretiremen t allowances and then went on to become senior managers in new private sector ICICI Bank (formerly Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is a majorà à banking and financial services organization in India.It is the 4th largest bank in India andthe largest private sector bank in India by market capitalization. The bank also has a networkà of 1,700+ branches (as on 31 March 2010) and about 4,721 ATMs in India and presence in19 countries, as well as some 24 million customers (at the end of July 2007). ICICI Bank isalso the largest issuer of credit cards in India. ICICI Bank's shares are listed on the stockà exchanges at Kolkata and Vadodara, Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange of IndiaLimited; its ADRs trade on the Newà York Stock Exchange (NYSE). [Source : Annual Report, 2009-10]The Bank is expanding in overseas markets and has the largest international balance sheetamong Indian banks.ICICI Bank now has wholly-owned subsidiaries, branches andrepresentative s offices in 19 countries, including an offshore unit in Mumbai. This includeswholly owned subsidiaries in Canada, Russia and the UK (the subsidiary through which theHi SAVE savings brand is operated), offshore banking units in Bahrain and Singapore, anadvisory branch in Dubai, branches in Belgium, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka, andrepresentative offices in Bangladesh, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, South Africa, Thailand,the United Arab Emirates and USA. Overseas, the Bank is targeting the NRI (Non- ResidentIndian) population in particular. History HDFC Bank was incorporated in the year of 1994 by Housing Development FinanceCorporation Limited (HDFC), India's premier housing finance company.It was among thefirst companies to receive an ââ¬Ëin principle' approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) toset up a bank in the private sector. The Bank commenced its operations as a ScheduledCommercial Bank in January 1995 with the help of RBI's liberalization policies. In a milestone transactio n in the Indian banking industry, Times Bank Limited (promoted byBennett, Coleman & Co. / Times Group) was merged with HDFC Bank Ltd. , in 2000. Thiswas the first merger of two private banks in India. As per the scheme of amalgamationapproved by the shareholders of both banks and the Reserve Bank of India, shareholders ofà Times Bank received 1à share of HDFC Bank for every 5. 75à shares of Times Bank. In 2008 HDFC Bank acquired Centurion Bank of Pun j a b aking its total branches to morethan 1,000. The amalgamated bank emerged with a strong deposit base of around Rs. 1,22,000 crore and net advances of around Rs. 89,000 crore. The balance sheet size of thecombined entity is over Rs. 1,63,000 crore. The amalgamation added significant value toHDFC Bank in terms of increased branch network, geographic reach, and customer base,and a bigger pool of skilled manpowerà Capital Adequacy [Source : Annual Report, 2009-10] The Industrial Development Bank of India Limited commonly known by its acronym IDBIis one of India's leading public sector banks and 4th largest Bank in overall ratings. RBIcategorized IDBI as an ââ¬Å"other public sector bankâ⬠.It was established in 1964 by an Act ofà Parliament to provide credit and other facilities for the development of the fledgling Indianindustry. It is currently 10th largest development bank in the world in terms of reach with1210 ATMs, 720 branches and 486 centers. Some of the institutions built by IDBI are the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), theà National Securities Depository Services Ltd (NSDL), the Stock Holding Corporation ofà India (SHCIL), the Credit Analysis ; Research Ltd, the Export-Import Bank of India (EximBank), the Small Industries Development bank of India(SIDBI), the EntrepreneurshipDevelopment Institute of India, and IDBI BANK, which today is owned by the IndianGovernment, though for a brief period it was a private scheduled bank.The IndustrialDevelopment Bank of India (IDBI) was est ablished on July 1, 1964 under an Act ofà Parliament as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of India. In 16 February 1976,the ownership of IDBI was transferred to the Government of India and it was made theà principal financial institution for coordinating the activities of institutions engaged infinancing, promoting and developing industry in the country. Although Governmentshareholding in the Bank came down below 100% following IDBIà ¶s public issue in July1995, the former continues toà be the major shareholder (current shareholding : 52. 3%). During the four decades of its existence, IDBI has been instrumental not only in establishinga well-developed, diversified and efficient ndustrial and institutional structure but alsoadding a qualitative dimension to the process of industrial development in the country. IDBIhas played a pioneering role in fulfilling its mission of promoting industrial growth throughfinancing of medium and long-term projects, in consonance wi th national plans andà priorities. Over the years, IDBI has enlarged its basket of products and services, coveringalmost the entire spectrum of industrial activities, including manufacturing and services. IDBI provides financial assistance, both in rupee and foreign currencies, for green-fieldà projects as also for expansion, modernization and diversification purposes.In the wake ofà financial sector reforms unveiled by the government since 1992, IDBI evolved an array ofà fund and fee-based services with a view to providing an integrated solution to meet theentire demand of financial and corporate advisory requirements of its clients Axis Bank, formally UTI Bank, is a financial services firm that had begun operations in1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established. The Bankà was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust ofà India (UTI-I), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), General Insura nce CorporationLtd. , National Insurance Company Ltd. The New India Assurance Company, The OrientalInsurance Corporation and United India Insurance Company UTI-I holds a special positionin the Indian capital markets and has promoted many leading financial institutions in thecountry. The bank changed its name to Axis Bank in April 2007 to avoid confusion withother unrelated entities with similar name. After the Retirement of Mr. P. J. Nayak, Shikha Sharma was named as the bank's managingdirector and CEO on 20 April 2009. As on the year ended March 31, 2009 the Bank had atotal income of Rs 13,745. 04 crore (US$ 2. 93 billion) and a net profit of Rs. 1,812. 93 crore(US$ 386. 15 million). On February 24, 2010, Axis Bank announced the launch of ââ¬ËAXISCALL ; PAY on atom', a unique mobile payments solution using Axis Bank debit cards.Axis Bank is the first bank in the country to provide a secure debit card-based paymentservice over IVR. Axis Bank is one of the Big Four Banks of India, along with ICICI Bank,State Bank of India and HDFC Bank Branch Network At the end of March 2009, the Bankà has a very wide network of more than 835 branch offices and Extension Counters. Totalnumber of ATMs went up to 3595. The Bank has loans now (as of June 2007) account for asmuch as 70 per cent of the bankà ¶s total loan book of Rs 2,00,000 crore. In the case of AxisBank, retail loans have declined from 30 per cent of the total loan book of Rs 25,800 crorein June 2006 to around 23 per cent of loan book of Rs. 41,280 crore (as of June 2007).Evenover a longer period,à while the overall asset growth forà Axis Bank has been quite high and has matched that of the other banks, retail exposuresgrew at a slower pace. The bank, though, appears to have insulated such pressures. Interestmargins, while they have declined from the 3. 15 per cent seen in 2003-04, are still hoveringclose to the 3 per cent mark. Axis Bank, formally UTI Bank, is a financial services firm that had begun op erations in1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established. The Bankà was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust ofà India (UTI-I), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), General Insurance CorporationLtd. , National Insurance Company Ltd. The New India Assurance Company, The OrientalInsurance Corporation and United India Insurance Company UTI-I holds a special positionin the Indian capital markets and has promoted many leading financial institutions in thecountry. The bank changed its name to Axis Bank in April 2007 to avoid confusion withother unrelated entities with similar name. After the Retirement of Mr. P. J. Nayak, Shikha Sharma was named as the bank's managingdirector and CEO on 20 April 2009. As on the year ended March 31, 2009 the Bank had atotal income of Rs 13,745. 04 crore (US$ 2. 93 billion) and a net profit of Rs. 1,812. 93 crore(US$ 386. 15 million). On February 24, 2010, Axis Bank announced the launch of ââ¬ËAXISCALL & PAY on atom', a unique mobile payments solution using Axis Bank debit cards.Axis Bank is the first bank in the country to provide a secure debit card-based paymentservice over IVR. Axis Bank is one of the Big Four Banks of India, along with ICICI Bank,State Bank of India and HDFC Bank Branch Network At the end of March 2009, the Bankà has a very wide network of more than 835 branch offices and Extension Counters. Totalnumber of ATMs went up to 3595. The Bank has loans now (as of June 2007) account for asmuch as 70 per cent of the bankà ¶s total loan book of Rs 2,00,000 crore. In the case of AxisBank, retail loans have declined from 30 per cent of the total loan book of Rs 25,800 crorein June 2006 to around 23 per cent of loan book of Rs. 41,280 crore (as of June 2007).Evenover a longer period,à while the overall asset growth forà Axis Bank has been quite high and has matched that of the other banks, retail exposuresgrew at a slower pa ce. The bank, though, appears to have insulated such pressures. Interestmargins, while they have declined from the 3. 15 per cent seen in 2003-04, are still hoveringclose to the 3 per cent mark. Reserve Bank of India prescribes Banks to maintain a minimum Capital to risk weightedAssets Ratio (CRAR) of 9 percent with regard to credit risk, market risk and operational riskà on an ongoing basis, as against 8 percent prescribed in Basel Documents. Capital adequacyratio of the ICICI Bank was well above the industry average of 13. 97% t. CAR of HDFCà bank is below the ratio of ICICI bank.HDFC Bankà ¶s total Capital Adequacy stood at15. 26% as of March 31, 2010. The Bank adopted the Basel 2 framework as of March 31,2009 and the CAR computed as per Basel 2 guidelines stands higher against the regulatoryminimum of 9. 0%. HDFC CAR is gradually increased over the last 5 year and the capital adequacy ratio ofà Axis bank is the increasing by every 2 year. SBI has maintained its CAR around in the rangeof 11 % to 14 %. But IDBI should reconsider their business as its CAR is falling YOY (yearà on year). Higher the ratio the banks are in a comfortable position to absorb losses. So ICICIand HDFC are the strong one to absorb their loses. Gross N PA:Gross NPAs are the sum total of all loan assets that are classified as NPAs as per RBIguidelines as on Balance Sheet date. Gross NPA reflects the quality of the loans made byà banks. It consists of all the non standardà assets like as substandard, doubtful, and loss assets. It can be calculatedà with the help of following ratio : SBI maintained its GNPA to 3% which is very good sign of performances as SBI is thelargest lender in INDIA. HDFCà ¶s GNPA is quite good as it is low with compared to ICICIand SBI but in 2008-09 GNPA rises. The reason may be economic crises. AXIS bank haslowest GNPA which shown its management ability. ICICI has the highest GNPA in bankingindustry and rising YOY (year onà year). N et N PA:Net NPAs are those type of NPAs in which the bank has deducted the provision regardingà NPAs. Net NPA shows the actual burden of banks. Since in India, bank balance sheetscontain a huge amount of NPAs and the process of recovery and write off of loans is verytime consuming, the provisions the banks have to make against the NPAs according to thecentral bank guidelines, are quite significant. That is why the difference between gross andnet NPA is quite high. It can be calculated by following : AXIS Bank has least Net NPA and ICICI has highest NNPA among group. HDFC shown itsmanagement quality as it maintained its NNPA YOY (year on year). SBI has to keep NNPAà below. IDBI has successful to control NNPA YOY. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-22279905512491207202020-01-03T13:17:00.001-08:002020-01-03T13:17:02.620-08:00The Pros and Cons of Protest in American History Essay Assembly can lead to change or it can lead to horrible circumstances, sometimes planned or sometimes accidental. Over the years people have used and abused their right to assemble, many have died, even more have been arrested. But, many issues have changed because of this right. Violence has been endured, and peopleââ¬â¢s lives have been changed. The Vietnam War is a perfect example of a group of protests that had many different outcomes. The Kent State shootings and the Democratic Convention of 1968 are examples of protests that went terribly wrong. Sit-ins and singing protest songs against violence are examples of peaceful protest. The Democratic Convention of 1968 took place in Chicago, Illinois. This convention is known as the peopleââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Hundreds of protesters were beaten and the crowd was tear- gassed. After the riot seven men were held responsible for the riots and imprisoned for their action and for not caring out peaceful assembly. (Whitney) Kent State University has four markers in a parking lot that was on top of a hill on campus in 1970. Those four markers are there to represent the four lives that were lost on May 4, 1970. The protests at Kent State began Friday, May 1st the day after President Nixon announced the invasion of Cambodia. Protests were held on the commons where many rallies and demonstrations were held in the past. The second rally was scheduled for Monday, May 4th. But, Friday evening unveiled some harsh feelings between students and the local police. The mayor of Kent declared a state of emergency. The next morning the Ohio National Guard was called in because of threats that were made to local businesses and threats to destroy the town and Kent State. When the National Guard arrived to Kent, protesters had already burned the ROTC building to the ground. The Governor flew into Kent on Sunday and issued a statement that if protesters did not comply he would seek a court order declaring a state of emerg ency. The order was not actually ever issued but Kent State was under the assumption that a state of Martial Law was in effect and all rallies were banned. The rally was held anyway at noon on Monday, May 4th. Over 3,000 protesters attended and theShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Declaration Of Independence1356 Words à |à 6 Pageswere so brilliantly written into the nationââ¬â¢s Declaration of Independence claimed that everyone was entitled to ââ¬Å"certain unalienable rightsâ⬠and these rights included ââ¬Å"the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.â⬠(Jefferson). Today the American government has the job of living up to the standards it set in the declaration, but also the organization of how government carries out dealings within the country guided by the Constitution. A current controversial issue that arose in 2016 thatRead MoreThe Debate Over The Legalization Of Abortions1172 Words à |à 5 PagesThis is not a fictional story, but instead an illustra tion of Hill v. Colorado, one of the many anti-abortion protest cases that would make itââ¬â¢s way to the Supreme Courtââ¬â¢s attention from 1990s to the early 2000. The legalization of abortions has long been a controversial subject since it was found to be constitutional in Roe v. Wade legalizing abortions on Jan 22, 1973. Several court cases including: McCullen v. Coakley and Hill v. Colorado to name a couple, have challenged the laws concerning protestingRead MoreHistory Of The Preval Of Prayer In Public Education1538 Words à |à 7 PagesExploring Additional History In exploring the history of the removal of prayer and the effect it has caused in our public schools. It is essential to understand that reinstating prayer back in public education can begin with understanding how to appropriately add balance. Within history, religions have been alternated by the removal of prayer and biblical reading without warning in 1963 for students to understand, without proper education and not offering facilitator to teach studentsRead Moretask 31185 Words à |à 5 Pagesgovernment (History, 2010). India organized to become independent around 1915. This was a largely non-violent movement led by the Indian Nation Congress and a man named Mohandas Gandhi. Gandhi was an educated Indian who practiced law abroad in Africa and Asia. He witnessed imperial rule making mother countries rich at the expense of indigenous populations. Gandhi returned to India with goals of uniting the Indian Muslim and Hindu populations and obtaining Indian independence (History, 2010). Read MoreThe Free Journalist Essay1466 Words à |à 6 PagesAmerican journalism is a constantly evolving field, and the freedoms granted by the Constitution allow the news media to flourish in a fairly unrestricted environment. As an integral part of the democratic United States, the media is responsible for keeping citizens informed and involved in their government and society. However, the media is not infallible, nor is it omniscient. Since its conception, it has faced detractors both foreign and domestic, and from every feasible political party. DespiteRead MoreThe Internet s Effect On Education1106 Words à |à 5 Pagesof ourselves and not lose our personalities. The internet has changed us in many ways, but it has pros and cons to the users of the internet. The internet helps students, teachers, and doctors and give ways to save money. Typewriters were used 100 years ago because there was no internet, but with internet now we change our culture and society. The invention of t he internet was a turning point in history because it resulted in an influence on morality, education, civic engagement, and the economy. Read MoreRiots Should Be Taken Out Of Public Spaces In America781 Words à |à 4 Pagestoday. The Civil War remains one of the most memorable potholes on the road to current day America. From 1861 to 1865, one of the bloodiest battles in history occurred on American soil. During this time, the country split. The southern states became the Confederacy and the states in the north became the Union. Slavery (the enslavement of African- Americans) loomed over the country, causing conflict. After the Civil War, many memorials were erected that immortalized generals on the losing side, the ConfederacyRead MoreEssay on The Use of Animal Research 1431 Words à |à 6 Pageshave not been approved for humans, yet so many animals died or suffer from many different experiments done to them (History). The human population should not be the one to rely on anima ls for our health concerns. I say, as human we should rely on humans and on our own aspects. These animals that we use to do research and test on for medical purposes have been changing throughout history since the BC era. Gandhi once said ââ¬Å"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judge by the way its animalsRead MoreCivil Disobedience: Cost of Change1469 Words à |à 6 Pages(Civil Disobedience). Throughout history, civil disobedience was a way to get the peopleââ¬â¢s attention that the governmentââ¬â¢s idea is immoral and unfair. It is a way to make a change in law or policy and to take action in a non-violent resistance. The act of civil disobedience is effective in our society, for example, Mohandas Gandhi protest against the British rule for Indiaââ¬â¢s independence, Martin Luther King, Jr.ââ¬â¢s civil rights action, and the Sierra Club protest to neglect the Keystone XL pipelineRead MoreIssue On Concealed Carry From The United States1684 Words à |à 7 PagesUnited States. Whether citizens should be allowed to legally carry a gun has been a growing debate. In this paper, I will talk about the history of concealed carry, the different types of issuances among the states, and how to obtain your concealed carry license in Wisconsin along with providing concrete evidence with different statistics and stating the pros and cons of the issue. In the old Western days, individuals, mainly men, would carry their firearm with them all the time. They would use their tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-72747948073601160952019-12-26T09:43:00.001-08:002019-12-26T09:43:05.065-08:00Theme Of Character Development In Song Of Solomon Song of Solomonââ¬â¢s protagonist Milkman plays a crucial role in the novelââ¬â¢s major focal point of character development. The novel can be appropriately labeled a Bildungsroman due to its clear and continuous creation of Milkmanââ¬â¢s characteristics. Throughout the text readers can see changes made within the character, such as his reactions to situations and the language he uses when he is talking and thinking. Milkman commences the novel as a confused, spoiled young man who feels he deserves the world. However, at a certain point in the novel, it is clear that he reaches an epiphany, a change in heart, that matures him. The pivotal point in Milkmanââ¬â¢s moral and psychological development is when he is alone hunting in the mountains. In thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This moment of clarity matures the protagonist of the novel. A major aspect of the plot is a hunt for gold; Milkman travels hundreds of miles to find a bag of gold left behind by his aunt P ilate or father. However, it can be inferred through the text that Milkmanââ¬â¢s hunt for gold symbolizes his search for his family history. He is intrigued by his familyââ¬â¢s past and wants to understand who he came from. This quest, however, brings Milkman not only knowledge of his ancestors, but maturity. The ââ¬Å"goldâ⬠Milkman finds is in fact clarity. The monologue in this scene depicts his accumulative awareness of his actions and who he is as a person. He realizes that ââ¬Å"...he thought he deserved only to be loved- from a distance, though- and given what he wantedâ⬠(Morrison 277). This comprehension of his selfish, merciless manner is truly the ââ¬Å"goldâ⬠he was looking for. This hunting scene is not only significant for Milkmanââ¬â¢s newly-found perception of himself and his actions, but it gives the protagonist a feeling of humbleness and independence. Throughout the novel, Milkman has always been extremely dependent; when he is not relying on his social status, Milkman utilizes his wealth and luxury to support his fragile personality. The Deads are a very affluent and successfulShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of Memory And Truth. After Doing Research1194 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Development of Memory and Truth After doing research on Post Traumatic Stress disorder, there seemed to spark a striking argument of truth in memory based on how it is retrieved and convoluted with peopleââ¬â¢s previous perceptions. Truth and fact can be altered based on oneââ¬â¢s viewpoint of a subject and preceding experiences. Authors can portray common themes in novels using drastically different methods such as character development, stylistic structures, and literary devices. In the novelRead More Essay on Flight in Song of Solomon1579 Words à |à 7 PagesTheme of Flight in Song of Solomon à Clearly, the significant silences and the stunning absences throughout Morrisons texts become profoundly political as well as stylistically crucial. Morrison describes her own work as containing holes and spaces so the reader can come into it (Tate 125), testament to her rejection of theories that privilege j the author over the reader. Morrison disdains such hierarchies in which the reader as participant in the text is ignored: My writing expects, demandsRead MoreEssay on The Song of Solomon2983 Words à |à 12 Pages Book Title Song of Solomon Author Toni Morrison Summary The first black boy ever born in Mercy Hospital in a town in Michigan comes into the world the day after an insurance agent named Robert Smith kills himself by trying to ââ¬Å"flyâ⬠from the roof of the hospital across Lake Superior. The boys mother, Ruth, nurses him until he is eight or nine years old, thus earning him the ridiculous nickname Milkman. Milkman befriends an older boy named Guitar, visits his Aunt Pilate, and falls in love withRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn2267 Words à |à 10 Pagesgroups have gained seen many changes in their freedom, they are still being oppressed. Oppression is a common theme throughout American Literature, weaving in and out of many that are seen as classic American novels and poetry. Some of these books include Mark Twainââ¬â¢s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the poetry of Langston Hughes, Richard Wrightââ¬â¢s Native Son and Toni Morrisonââ¬â¢s Song of Solomon. The form of oppression that is evident throughout all these works, is racial oppression, and narrowing itRead MoreAn Austrian Composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart1185 Words à |à 5 Pagesmusical genius. Wolfgang was born to Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart on January 27th, 1756. Leopold, his father studied philosophy, but never finished school. (Solomon) He later became a very talented violinist and organist. Leopold and Anna Maria had seven children together, but only two survived, Wolfgang and his older sister Maria Anna. (Solomon) Leopold was responsible for his childrenââ¬â¢s education, and also was the one to teach them music. Throughout his life, Wolfgang had written over 600 piecesRead MoreCharacter Development In Song Of Solomon1739 Words à |à 7 PagesSong of Solomon By Toni Morrison Ayanna Higgins Mr. Amoroso AP Literature Topic #1 Maturity comes with experiences in life. Some are exposed to those events early while others encounter them in their adulthood. These transitions cause character development within the protagonist, Milkman Dead. In the bildungsroman, or coming of age, novel Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison, Milkman evolves from an ignorant and selfish being to a responsible and caring man. While trying to become an independentRead More Rastafarian Symbolism In The Visual Arts Essay5414 Words à |à 22 Pages thisJamaican pridehas led to somewhat of a commercialization of Rasta-inspired art. That is to say, the Rastas works have become something like collectors items, and the Rastafarian themes have been used in art without being backed up by true spirituality of the artist. RasTspeaks of this:The Rasta theme is now a convention. Years ago no one would stoop so low to paint a Rastaman. Today it is the thing. For many it has become a commercial gimmick.(Barrett, 188). ThiscommercializationisRead MoreA nalysis on Fate of a Cockroach3961 Words à |à 16 Pagesel-Hakim The cause of serious drama, at least in its textual form, was in the process of being given a boost by one of the Egypts greatest littà ©rateurs, Ahmed Shawqi, Prince of Poets, who during his latter years penned a number of verse dramas with themes culled from Egyptian and Islamic history; these included Masraa Kliyubatra (The Death of Cleopatra, 1929), Magnun wa Layla (Driven mad by Layla, 1931), Amirat el-Andalus (The Andalusian Princess, 1932), and Ali Bey el-Kebir (an 18th-century rulerRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words à |à 17 PagesDarkness The Sun Also Rises Invisible Man Their Eyes Were Watching God Joe Turnerââ¬â¢s Come and Gone The Things They Carried King Lear The Turn of the Screw Major Barbara Whoââ¬â¢s Afraid of Virginia Wolf 2004 (Form B): The most important themes in literature are sometimes developed in scenes in which a death or deaths take place. Choose a novel or play and write a well-organized essay in which you show how a specific death scene helps to illuminate the meaning of the work as whole. AvoidRead More Independent Reading Project: Creating a Museum of Living Literature2134 Words à |à 9 PagesLesson The focus of this project will be to share the literary analysis of major twentieth century works. The book choices will come from the list of books most likely to appear on the AP exam. Choices might include works like Catch 22, Song of Solomon, Siddartha and Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man. A list of ten or more book selections will be offered to the students. In order to familiarize students with the content and context of each work, the teacher and/or librarian will present tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-40936713140458219492019-12-18T05:32:00.001-08:002019-12-18T05:32:03.338-08:00Liberal Absolutism Vs Liberal Liberalism Essay - 1805 Words The objective of this paper is to firstly, compare and contrast the Hobbesian notion of liberal absolutism with Lockean liberal constitutionalism and secondly, elucidate how these similarities and differences impact the American presidency. I will begin by explicating liberal absolutism and liberal constitutionalism and then proceed to articulate their points of similarity and difference. Next, I claim that these two liberalisms can blur the lines in understanding the role of the executive. Let me explain this. I argue that at times, it can be unclear whether the president is exercising a form of absolutism (even though his or her intention may be to act in a way to preserve the constitution) or constitutionalism. From this argument I aim to demonstrate that the president is an elected monarch and we have construed an image of the executive that has lead us to believe otherwise. I will then provide a possible objection to this assertion. Hobbesian Liberal Absolutism Thomas Hobbes defended the idea of an absolutist government in his piece Leviathan. In order to understand his notion of an absolutist government, I must first articulate his understanding of the state of nature. The state of nature can be understood as the condition in which people lived prior to establishing a government or society (Leviathan, 150-1). For Hobbes the state of nature is a condition where everyone is equal and posses a ââ¬Å"natural rightâ⬠to act as they please (Leviathan, 151). Hobbes articulatesShow MoreRelatedThe Four Perspectives Of International Political Economy2519 Words à |à 11 Pagesthe American University in London Outline I. Introduction A. What is IPE? B. The role of IPE theory C. Benefits of IPE II. Methodology A. Research methods B. Research design C. Research strategy D. Time Horizon III. Theories of IPE A. Liberalism B. Mercantilism C. Structuralism and Nationalism D. Realism IV. Globalisation, financial crisis and state market societal relations and their impact on the political economy A. In WWII B. Cold War C. Communist and Socialist societies D.Read MoreLaw and Justice4680 Words à |à 19 Pagesif they produce greatest possible benefit for the well off in a given scheme of inequality (ââ¬Å"the difference principleâ⬠) iii) ââ¬Å"fair equality of opportunity â⬠and the elimination of all inequalities of opportunity based on birth or wealth[10] Rawls vs. Utilitarianism The basic principles and theories of both Rawls and utilitarian have been discussed. Thus there exists must difference between the principle of two. Rawls theory differs from utilitarian in three significant ways: Firstly, utilitarianRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words à |à 269 Pages Training in International Management The Impact of Overall Management Philosophy on Training The Impact of Different Learning Styles on Training and Development Reasons for Training 520 522 523 524 Types of Training Programs Standardized vs. Tailor-Made Cultural Assimilators Positive Organizational Behavior 526 526 529 530 xxvi Table of Contents Future Trends The World of International Managementââ¬âRevisited Summary of Key Points Key Terms Review and Discussion Questions Internet tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-25204460446709410212019-12-10T02:15:00.001-08:002019-12-10T02:15:03.239-08:00Atomic Bomb 5 Essay Example For Students Atomic Bomb 5 Essay On the morning of August 6, 1945, the first Atomic Bomb in history was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Soon after, on August 14, 1945, the Japanese abruptly surrendered, abandoning their ancient customs regarding honor in war. The fact that only two bombs were able to bring an entire country to its knees is a true testament to the awesome power they held. There is nothing in modern warfare that can compete with the devastating effects of nuclear weapons. At the beginning of World War II, the Japanese were a major threat to the Asian World. On December 7, 1941, when they decided to attack Pearl Harbor (a US naval base in Hawaii), it was evident that their intentions were not limited to Asia. The United States entered World War II as a result of this attack. The war continued for six long years, and involved most of the major World Powers. During this time, there were many battles between the United States and Japan, including one of the bloodiest battles of World War II, which took place at Okinawa. If allowed to expand, Japan posed a serious threat to the allies. During the war, one of the most brilliant scientists in history, Albert Einstein, hypothesized that if the true power of the atom were released in a weapon, the results would be devastating. This was soon confirmed by a large portion of the scientific community. Whoever possessed such a weapon would be in complete power. Many government officials felt that such a weapon could put an end to the war. For this reason, in 1942, the United States decided to pursue the atomic bomb. Later that year, Franklin D. Roosevelt began the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was a massive engineering enterprise aimed at the ultimate goal of creating an atomic bomb. At one time it employed over 129,000 workers. The United States was the only nation in the world with the capacity to work on such a high level. Though it cost approximately $2 billion dollars, many officials who knew about the Top Secret project felt it was well worth it- if the Atomic Bomb proved useful. Another major expense of the United States government was the development of the B-29, a bomber plane specifically designed for dropping Atomic Bombs. The estimated cost of this project is $3 billion dollars, bringing the total cost of the new atomic weapon to $5 billion dollars (approx. $50 billion 1998 dollars). If the Atomic Bomb failed, not only would many people lose their jobs, but the outcome of the war might have changed. For this reason, the Manhattan Project employed many of the top scientific minds of the world. Unbeknownst to the Allies, the Germans decided not to pursue an atomic weapon. They felt it was more important to spend the money on troops and machinery, and thought that they would have won the war before they were able to obtain an atomic weapon. They were also unaware of the top-secret Manhattan Project. The Japanese conducted small research on the possibility of building a bomb, but never fully pursued it. If the Germans had decided to build a bomb, and obtained it before the United States, they most certainly would have used it against the Allies. This is why it was so crucial for the U.S. to complete the Manhattan Project as quickly as possible. A German victory would have resulted in a history that is completely different from that which took place. If the Axis Powers had developed the Atomic Bomb, they would have been unstoppable. A nuclear weapon harnesses the power of the atom with a process known as an Uncontrollable Fission Reaction. In this process, a neutron (a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of atoms) is bombarded with the nucleus of a radioactive atom, such as Uranium or Plutonium. This causes the nucleus of the radioactive atom to become unstable, and split into two new atoms. To stabilize the new atoms, more neutrons are released, which move on to bombard with another radioactive nucleus. .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 , .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .postImageUrl , .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 , .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40:hover , .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40:visited , .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40:active { border:0!important; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40:active , .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40 .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43b901e66b9a0970b471190587679c40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What Is Art? Essay The energy released comes from the binding energy (the energy required to keep the nucleus together) . tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-9568175686568631872019-12-02T13:56:00.001-08:002019-12-02T13:56:03.567-08:00Mcdonaldization Essays (1600 words) - McDonalds, Fast Food Mcdonaldization The way that Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers does business and markets it's product to consumers is due to the change in our society to where the consumer wants the biggest, fastest, and best product they can get for their money. This change in society can be attributed to a process known as McDonaldization. Although McDonaldization can be applied to many other parts of our society, this paper will focus on its impact on Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers. My belief is that the process of McDonaldization, where the ideology of McDonald's has come to dominate the world, has caused Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers to emulate McDonald's style of running a franchised restaurant chain in terms of efficiency, calculability, and control. However, since McDonald's has become the epitome of fast-food in our society, Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers has had to change their focus to giving the consumer a higher quality product in a relatively fast amount of time. So, Wendy's still caters to a Mc Donaldized society in terms of giving them a meal as fast as possible but making quality their number one priority to give people a viable option from McDonald's. In addition, I have used my girlfriend who manages at Wendy's and observations I gathered while at McDonald's as further information for this paper. First, before I discuss the impact of McDonaldization on Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers, I will define what McDonaldization is. McDonaldization is the process by which the principles of fast-food restaurants are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society, as well as, of the rest of the world. (Ritzer 1998,Page 1) George Ritzer created this concept of McDonaldization as a continuation of Max Weber's theories on bureaucracies. Max Weber defines a bureaucracy as a large hierarchical organization that is governed by formal rules and regulations and has a clear specification of work tasks. Its three main characteristics are that it has a division of labour, hierarchy of authority, and an impartial and impersonal application of rules and policies. (Newman 1997, Page 271) Thus, from that definition of a bureaucracy, one would conclude that both McDonald's and Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers are bureaucracies. The fact that both restaurants are bureaucracies is supported by the fact that each assigns workers to a specific job where each worker individually contributes to the overall success of the restaurant by doing his or her job. For example, workers at each restaurant could be assigned to working the grill, making fries, working the front register, or taking orders at the drive-thru window. Both restaurants have a hierarchy of authority from worker, crew chief, shift manager, salary manager to owner of the store. Also, each restaurant enforces an impartial and impersonal application of rules and policies. Both McDonald's and Wendy's have standard, impersonal greetings at the register and at the drive-thru window. The exception when this impersonal attitude towards the customer is changed is when a worker knows the customer outside the restaurant. In this case, the worker will probably ask their acquaintance how they are doing or what they are up to. The worker might even throw in an extra cheeseburger that a regular customer might not get. Despite this exception where standardization is broken, both these restaurants have become bureaucracies because they are the most efficient means of managing large groups of people. That leaves one to wonder why the process of McDonaldization has been so successful for both companies. The first reason is that it offers efficiency where consumers know that it means the quickest way to get from one point to another. In the case of McDonald's, it offers the best available way to get from being hungry to being full. This is so important in today's society because so many people are in a rush to get from one place to another. Therefore, the quick, efficient setup of McDonald's allows consumers to eat a fast-food meal without having to leave their car. On the other hand, Wendy's strives for as efficient service as possible without effecting the quality of their product. This is because McDonald's already has imprinted on people's minds throughout the many years of its existence that they will get the same burger each visit tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-72997827718374388682019-11-27T03:38:00.001-08:002019-11-27T03:38:04.807-08:00Why Dickens Wrote A Christmas CarolWhy Dickens Wrote A Christmas Carol Aà Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens is one of the most beloved works of 19th century literature, and the storys enormous popularity helped make Christmas a major holiday in Victorian Britain. When Dickens wrote A Christmas Carol in late 1843, he had ambitious purposes in mind, yet he could never have imagined the profound impact his story would have. Dickens had already achieved great fame, yet his most recent novel wasnt selling well and he feared his success had peaked. Indeed, he faced some serious financial problems as Christmas 1843 approached. Beyond his own worries, Dickens was keenly attuned to the profound misery of the working poor in England. A visit to the grimy industrial city of Manchester motivated him to tell the story of a greedy businessman, Ebenezer Scrooge, who would be transformed by the Christmas spirit. Dickens rushed A Christmas Carol into print by Christmas 1843, and it became a phenomenon. The Impact of 'A Christmas Carol' The book was immediately popular with the public, becoming perhaps the most famous literary work associated with Christmas. It elevated the popularity of Christmas, which wasnt the major holiday we know, and established the idea of Christmas charity toward those less fortunate.Dickens intended the story as a strong condemnation of greed, and the transformation of Ebenezer Scrooge provided a popular optimistic message.Scrooge became one of the most famous characters in literature.Dickens himself became associated with Christmas in the public mind.A Christmas Carol was transformed into stage plays and later films and television productions. Career Crisis Dickens had achieved popularity with his first novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, which was serialized from mid-1836 to late 1837. Known today as The Pickwick Papers, the novel was filled with comic characters the British public found charming. In the following years Dickens wrote more novels: 1838: Oliver Twist1839: Nicholas Nickleby1841: The Old Curiosity Shop1841: Barnaby Rudge Dickens reached literary superstar status with The Old Curiosity Shop, as readers on both sides of the Atlantic became obsessed with Little Nell. An enduring legend is that New Yorkers eager for the next installment would stand on the dock and yell out to passengers on incoming British packet liners, asking if Little Nell was still alive. Preceded by his fame, Dickens visited America for several months in 1842. He didnt much enjoy his visit, and he put his negative observations into a book, American Notes, which alienated many American fans. Dickens was offended by American manners (or lack thereof), and he restricted his visit to the North, as he was so offended by slavery that he wouldnt venture into the South beyond a foray into Virginia. He paid attention to working conditions, visiting mills and factories. In New York, New York, he exhibited his keen interest in the poorer classes by visiting Five Points, a notorious slum neighborhood. Back in England, he began writing a new novel, Martin Chuzzlewit. Despite his earlier success, Dickens found himself owing money to his publisher, and his new novel was not selling well as a serial. Fearful that his career was declining, Dickens desperately wanted to write something that would be very popular with the public. A Form of Protest Beyond his personal reasons for writing A Christmas Carol, Dickens felt a strong need to comment on the enormous gap between the rich and poor in Victorian Britain. On the night of Oct. 5, 1843, Dickens gave a speech in Manchester, England, at a benefit for the Manchester Athenaeum, an organization that brought education and culture to the working masses. Dickens, who was 31 at the time, shared the stage with Benjamin Disraeli, a novelist who would later become Britains prime minister. Addressing the working-class residents of Manchester affected Dickens deeply. Following his speech he took a long walk, and while thinking of the plight of exploited child workers he conceived the idea for A Christmas Carol. Returning to London, Dickens took more walks late at night, working out the story in his head. The miser Ebenezer Scrooge would be visited by the ghost of his former business partner, Marley, and also the Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present, and Yet to Come. Finally seeing the error of his greedy ways, Scrooge would celebrate Christmas and give a raise to the employee he had been exploiting, Bob Cratchit. Dickens wanted the book to be available by Christmas. He wrote it with astonishing speed, finishing it in six weeks while also continuing to write installments of Martin Chuzzlewit. Countless Readers Touched When the book appeared, just before Christmas, it was immediately popular with the reading public as well as with critics. British author William Makepeace Thackeray, who later rivaled Dickens as a writer of Victorian novels, wrote that A Christmas Carol was a national benefit, and to every man or woman who reads it, a personal kindness. The story of Scrooges redemption touched readers deeply, and the message Dickens wanted to convey of concern for those less fortunate struck a deep chord. The Christmas holiday began to be seen as a time for family celebrations and charitable giving. There is little doubt that Dickens story and its widespread popularity helped Christmas become established as a major holiday in Victorian Britain. Popularity Has Lasted A Christmas Carol has never gone out of print. Before the decade ended, it was adapted for the stage, and Dickens performed public readings from it. On Dec. 10, 1867, The New York Times published a glowing review of a reading of A Christmas Carol Dickens had delivered at Steinway Hall in New York City: When he came to the introduction of characters and to dialogue, the reading changed to acting, and Mr. Dickens here showed a remarkable and peculiar power. Old Scrooge seemed present; every muscle of his face, and every tone of his harsh and domineering voice revealed his character. Dickens died in 1870, butà A Christmas Carol lived on. Stage plays based on it were produced for decades, and eventually films and television productions kept the story of Scrooge alive. Scrooge, described as a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone at the beginning of the tale, famously snapped Bah! Humbug! at a nephew who wished him a merry Christmas. Near the end of the story, Dickens wrote of Scrooge: It was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-51807361187567391442019-11-23T11:12:00.001-08:002019-11-23T11:12:05.163-08:00Why Being a Perfectionist Can Be HarmfulWhy Being a Perfectionist Can Be Harmful If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize over projects at work, and even worry about small errors from the past. High standards are one thing, but perfectionismà is quite another. And as some researchers have discovered, pursuing perfection can have serious consequences to both mental and physical well being. What Is Perfectionism? According to researchers, perfectionists hold themselves to unrealisticallyà high standardsà and become self-critical if they believe they havenââ¬â¢t met these standards. Perfectionists are also likely to feel guilt and shame if they experience failures, which often leads them to avoid situations where they are worried they might fail. Amanda Ruggeri, writing about perfectionism for BBC Future, explains, ââ¬Å"Whenà [perfectionists] donââ¬â¢t succeed, they donââ¬â¢t just feel disappointment about how they did. They feel shame about who they are.â⬠How Perfectionism Can Be Harmful Although many people see the pursuit of excellence as a good thing, researchers have found that on the extreme end, perfectionism is actually linked to lower mental health. In one study, researchers analyzed how perfectionism was related to mental health across previous studies. They looked at a total of 284 studies (with over 57,000 participants) and found that perfectionism was associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and eating disorders. They also found that people higher in perfectionism (i.e. participants who more strongly identified with perfectionist traits) also reported higher levels of overall psychological distress. In an article published in 2016, researchers looked at how perfectionism and depression were related over time. They found that people higher in perfectionism tended to have increases in depression symptoms, which suggests that perfectionism may be a risk factor for developing depression. In other words, although people may think of their perfectionism as something that helps them succeed, it appears that their perfectionism may actually be harmful for their mental health. Is perfectionism always harmful? Psychologists have debated this point, with some suggesting that there can be such a thing as adaptive perfectionism, in which people hold themselves to high standards without engaging in self-criticism over mistakes they make. Some researchers have suggested that a healthier form of perfectionism involves pursuing goals because you want to, and not blaming yourself if you fail to meet a goal. However, otherà researchers suggest that perfectionism is not adaptive: according to these researchers, perfectionism is more than just holding yourself to high standards, and they donââ¬â¢t think perfectionism is beneficial. Is Perfectionism on the Rise? In one study, researchers looked at how perfectionism has changed over time. The researchers reviewed previously collected data from over 41,000 college students, from 1989 to 2016. They found that over the time period studied, college students reported increasing levels of perfectionism: they held themselves to higher standards, felt there were higher expectations placed on them, and held others to higher standards. Importantly, what increased the most were the social expectations that young adults picked up on from the surrounding environment. The researchers hypothesize that this could be because society is increasingly competitive: college students might pick up on these pressures from their parents and from society, which would increase perfectionist tendencies. How to Combat Perfectionism Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesnââ¬â¢t mean being less successful. In fact, because mistakes are an important part of learning and growing, embracing imperfection can actually help us in the long run. One possible alternative to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset. Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a crucial way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with fixed mindsets (who see their skill levels as innate and unchangeable), those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a crucial role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort (even if their results were imperfect) and help children learn to persevere when they make mistakes. Another potential alternative to perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion. To understand self-compassion, think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake. Odds are, youââ¬â¢d probably respond with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves kindly when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human, and avoid being consumed by negative emotions. As Ruggeri points out for BBC Future, self-compassion can be beneficial for mental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If youââ¬â¢re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion, the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try. Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning opportunities, and replacing self-criticism with self-compassion, itââ¬â¢s possible to overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself. References: Curran, T., Hill, A. P. (2017, Dec 28). Perfectionism Is Increasing Over Time: A Meta- Analysis of Birth Cohort Differences From 1989 to 2016. Psychological Bulletin. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000138 apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/bul-bul0000138.pdfDahl, M. (2015, Sept 17). Is it possible to be a perfectionist without driving yourself nuts? The Science of Us (New York Magazine). http://nymag.com/scienceofus/2015/09/perfectionism-but-without-driving-yourself-nuts.htmlLeahy, R. L. (2017, Mar 15). Successful imperfection. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/anxiety-files/201703/successful-imperfectionLimburg, K., Watson, H. J., Hagger, M. S., Egan, S. J. (2016). The relationship between perfectionism and psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(10), 1301-1326. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22435 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311939754Neff. K. Definition of self-compassion. http://self-compassion.org/the-t hree-elements-of-self-compassion-2/ Pruett, K. D. (2017, May 18). Being parents of a perfectionist. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/once-upon-child/201705/being-parents-perfectionistRuggeri, A. (2018, Feb 21). The dangerous downsides of perfectionism. BBC Future. bbc.com/future/story/20180219-toxic-perfectionism-is-on-the-riseSmith, M. M., Sherry, S. B., Rnic, K., Saklofske, D. H., Enns, M., Gralnick, T. (2016). Are perfectionism dimensions vulnerability factors for depressive symptoms after controlling for neuroticism? A meta-analysis of 10 longitudinal studies. European Journal of Personality, 30(2), 201-212. doi: 10.1002/per.2053 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b6ad/6f32c90beb8b2c2e6f3a0b698bd781bed0ba.pdf tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-61554169311573662862019-11-21T04:51:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:51:17.794-08:00Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7Research - Essay Example hat, in situations where there is the need to optimize the use of resources especially in the low income countries, there is a tendency to scale down the local strategies for quality to enable the practitioner and the constrained health providers to serve a larger population. The growth of the health sector has thus concentrated on geographical coverage and based more of their services to providing universal health at the expense of the quality. Most of the resources are focused to expansion leaving loopholes for inefficiencies and incompetence if not unprofessionalism. According to the article by the world health organization, there is a need to address the health issue from a systems perspective (World Health Organization, 3). For this research proposal, I will review previous data on the topic and develop the various problems encountered in health care, examine them in the light of the efforts to mitigate them and come up with a plan to work out the inefficiencies and ensure there is an optimal allocation of resources and optimal gains, as a result. When we look at health care in an economic perspective, health care involves the provision of services and the receipt of payment for the services (Lebrun-Harris, Lydie A., et al., 44). However, the rate with which an individual seeks health care largely depends on his/her resource endowments especially in cases where they are not covered by insurance cover and have to pay through an out-of ââ¬âpocket basis. Access to health care is thus limited by the constrained resources. However, healthcare in the modern day has become more of an enterprise, and the providers are aiming at expanding more and reaping more profits for their services. This has led to the use of incompetent personnel in place of doctors, the use of low quality alternative medicine, application of procedures that undermine the patientsââ¬â¢ health status, for better monetary rewards; among them carrying out a caesarian section where the patient can have tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-72465375993675347362019-11-19T23:23:00.001-08:002019-11-19T23:23:03.537-08:00Renovation of Bathroom of Syracuse University Residence Hall (Dat ArticleRenovation of Bathroom of Syracuse University Residence Hall (Dat Hall) - Article Example Importantly of the three viable options and the three budgeting conclusions, investigations revealed that each of the viable options will not require significant pipeline changes in the plumbing system, thus reducing costs. Option one will give freshmen the opportunity to have some privacy while showering or using the facility. Option two would not be costly as option one but will still give the bathrooms modernized feel students are used to in everyday life. The last option focuses on the studentââ¬â¢s complaints about broken showers and old tiles. This report recommends that Day Hall renovates using option two as it will give the bathrooms a modernized feel, besides installments can be completed through SU staff reducing cost. For the purpose of providing a more comfortable residence experience for incoming freshmen, the communal bathrooms in day hall are fairly old and raise concerns over privacy and cleanliness issues amongst students currently living in the dorm. Amongst the issues for improvements, privacy ranks as of greatest importance, including sinks, showers, and toilets that are very close together. The bathrooms are very open and lack the privacy many students would like when moving to college. Therefore, to provide more personal space, renovations or separation of the toilets, showers, and sinks in the bathroom area can accommodate new and old students satisfactorily. To renovate the Day Hallââ¬â¢s facilities will add comfortability to the studentââ¬â¢s need for usage, besides eliminating the health risks that may arise as a result. The primary concern of this feasibility study is the cost, duration of downtime, and the availability of SU staff.à tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9056615017731837458.post-77580330475743801952019-11-17T11:53:00.001-08:002019-11-17T11:53:04.440-08:00Dwi case with multiple fatalities Essay Example for Free Dwi case with multiple fatalities Essay Driving while being intoxicated is a serious crime. This becomes more serious when the charge is juxtaposed with multiple fatalities including DWI charges. These charges include underage driving, underage drinking, resisting against arrest and public damage. (Kar, 145) Such an incident took place in Middletown in 1999. This is a perfect example of the multiple fatalities while driving. Henry Bitchel was 15 when he crashed his 1966 Ford on a public telephone booth. The officer in charge booked the offence and tried to measure his blood alcohol level suspecting him being drunk. To this Henry resisted and thus offence was created against the law. However with the help of force the officer registered the blood alcohol level was placed in a much higher than the permissible level. (King, 126) Thus four major charges were lodged against Henry. The first was of underage driving without a valid license, the second charge was underage drinking as he was 15 years of age. The third was resisting arrest and it should be stated that Henry could have well done without this one. The last one was damage of public property in form of a telephone booth. The fifth and the main issue that was charged against Henry was the case of drinking while driving. (Lamb, 243-245) It should be noted that the law is enforced for the betterment of civic society and the good of the civilians. Therefore it is evident that the citizen should follow these rules. Otherwise, as in the case of Henry, there could be multiple fatalities including DWI charges and that is a must avoidable scenario. Works Cited: Kar, P; History of US Automobile Market (Kolkata: Dasgupta Chatterjee 2005) pp 145 King, H; Civic Fitness Today (Dunedin: HBT Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 126 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. (Wellington: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245 tripamubov1981http://www.blogger.com/profile/06047152345576015643noreply@blogger.com0