Sleepless and Irritable Essay -- Teenagers, Adolesence, Sleeping Habits

Many studies discombobulate been done on how many hours of rest period teens need and how lack of sleep can fall their lives. Sleep has an impact on teens and their concentration, their mood and the way they function doing things in day to day living. Studies show that teens should sleep 8 to 10 hours a darkness however many are not getting the recommended amount of sleep to help them (The Science Of Sleep. 60 Minutes. Narr. Lesley Stahl. Prod. Shari Finkelstein. CBS. 16 Mar 2008). A lot of teenagers adhere up late without realizing the consequences and how it can affect their lives. One of the biggest consequences of teens lack of sleep is when it comes to driving, being tired make teens less alert and is a main flat coat for teen accidents. (National Sleep Foundation. Detection and Prevention Drowsy driving. Retrieved July 31, 2009). The 8 to 10 hours that are needed for proper function is very hard for teens to get be perplex they have many tasks to keep up with from sch ool, sports, part time jobs, friends to family life. Other activities that keep them occupied are texting, playing online games and internet addiction with sites such as Facebook. These things cause teenagers to stay up very late or they are kept awake the whole night trying to catch up with all the demands they couldnt fit into their regular day. All this combined creates sleeping disorders in teens and causes health problems. Almost everyone knows in order to be healthy and fit sufficient sleep is required. Parents need to take care to watch over their teens and help them create a proper sleep pattern it is proven that teens that have a good relationship with their parents have better sleeping habits. Parents think teens know how much sleep they need and will just go to sleep w... ...tant especially for a teeWorks CitedInsomnia - Sleep Disorders - Sleep Center. Stanford Hospital & Clinics - Stanford Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.NIH Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.Sleep deprivation. Better health Channel. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.Sleep Hygiene Princeton University Health Services. Princeton University - stem. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.The Science Of Sleep. 60 Minutes. Narr. Lesley Stahl. Prod. Shari Finkelstein. CBS. 16 Mar 2008. CBSNews. CBS Interactive. Web. 27 Feb. 2013. National Sleep Foundation. Detection and Prevention Drowsy driving. Retrieved July 31, 2009. Teens Who Feel Supported At Home And School Sleep BetterBy Patti Neighmond. December 05, 2013 TEEN SLEEP PROBLEMS LEAD TO DEPRESSION & DRUG ABUSEBy Byron J. Richards, CCN October 28, 2008 NewsWithViews.com

Sleeping Arrangements :: Essays Papers

Sleeping Arrangements The autobiography I read was Sleeping Arrangements, the childhood memoirs of Laura (Lily) Shaine Cunningham. I chose this mortal simply because I had never heard of her before. Everybody was doing a al-Quran on celebrities, and at first I wanted to do Audrey Hepburn. I love her films I have even already read a biography on her. But umpteen other people were doing their biographies on her, and I realized that if I could find a book by a person who has led a typical childhood I would be different. By finding a book by a person I had never heard of I thought that I would find a normal life, but this book showed me that there isnt a normal or typical childhood for anyone.Lily, as she is referred to throughout the book, is not famous. Lily was born the daughter of Larry Moore, though she isnt authentic of the spelling, and Rosie Shaine. Until she was three Lily and Rosie wandered from relative to relative, sleeping under dining room tables or where ever there was room for them. Then they rented an apartment in the Jewish persona of the Bronx. Lily made two friends there, Diana and Susan, and they had wild unsupervised fun roaming about the parks and abandoned buildings. When Lily was 6 her mother became very ill and her Uncle Gabe comes to live with them. A cope with weeks later Rosie dies in the hospital and Lilys other uncle, Len, comes to help Gabe. They move to a bigger apartment in the same building, and let Lily decorate it. The walls are painted orange and white stripes in two rooms pink and white stripes for another room, and for the living room a grand lam convertible sofa. Eventually the unkies mother moves in too, and then their family is complete. Over the years Lily learns about love, life, and death, although not all of it is accurate. Lily has gone on to write many books, plays, and her most famous work, A Place In The Country.The part of this book that really interested me the most was the first on e and a half chapters. Hes fighting in the war. (Pg 1) This is what Lily told people when they asked where her father was.

Pride in Sophocles Antigone Essays -- Sophocles Antigone

Pride in Sophocles AntigonePride is a quality that all people possess in one way or another. many people take pride in their appearance, worldly possessions, or position in society. The story of Antigone written by Sophocles has two characters who have a sad flaw of pride. I will show how Creons pride of power leads to his destruction, and how Antigones pride makes her an honorable character who should be treated as a hero. Creon is a man who has just become the king of Thebes and has a flaw of having too much pride. He cant control the power of cosmos over other people and he lets the power go to his head. I now possess the throne and all its powers. No, he must be unexpended unburied, his corpse carrion for the birds and dogs to tear, an obscenity for the citizens to behold(1272) In getting his new powers Creon decides to make a decree that will not allow the brother of Antigone to be buried, and if psyche does bury him then that person will be killed. This goes against the b eliefs of most of the people in the town and many feel that it goes against what the gods would see as acceptable. A attraction tries to suggest that it could be the work of the gods. My king, ever since he began Ive been debating in my mind, could this possibly be the work of the gods?(1274) This again is a reference that the people ar disgusted by what Creon has decreed. They feel like it is gross or disgusting to let a persons body have no burial rights and leave the system to be agains...

Developing Managers :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Developing Managers The Functional, the Symbolic, the Sacred and the Profane *.Author/s Ken KamocheAbstractThis paper offers a new perspective on supranational management by examining the role of elaboration and management training in creating international expertise, a sense of identity and realizing organisational control. A critical compendium of the culture transmission and management festering philosophy and practice of a UK-based transnational reveals how the transmission of culture accomplishes management development objectives, while management development itself serves as a vehicle for the transmission of the desired corporate values. This recursiveness is sustained by a corporate ideology that urges the creation of combinative values and, in turn, is legitimized by the quest for favourable functional and symbolic consequences.Descriptors management training and development, culture, ideology, functionalism, symbolismIntroductionReconciling headquarter-subsidiary inter ests while maintaining a distinct identity continues to be a major challenge for multinational firms, hence the think global/act local paradox. For Ghoshal and Bartlett (1990) this problem can be addressed by effectively handling the network of exchange relationships. Other solutions include socialization and the management of expatriates (e.g. Edstrom and Galbraith 1977 Tung 1982) managing relationships between expatriates and host-country subordinates (e.g. Shaw 1990) creating cultural synergy (e.g. Adler 1980) fostering cooperative relationships and developing conflict-resolution mechanisms (e.g. Doz et al. 1981) diffusing best proven practices (e.g. Rosenzweig and Singh 1991) reconciling organizational linkages (e.g. Borys and Jemison 1989) and diffusing and leveraging knowledge (e.g. Gupta and Govindarajan 1991 Kamoche 1996). Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989 187) found that successful transnational firms used management development to wee-wee cultural norms, sha pe organizational p rocesses and influence individual managerial behaviour in a way that reinforced worldwide strategies and organizational objectives. This implies a potentially integrative role for culture and management training and development (MTD).Going beyond the typical concern with better skills, this study offers a much more complex and multi-faceted visualize of MTD which reveals an intricate interplay between MTD and corporate culture. We show how managers in a multinational firm disguised as International Products (IP) account for their training and career development activities and how they rationalize such activities in terms of an integrative corporate culture. 1 Thus, MTD serves as a tool for the transmission of culture, while a putative integrative culture in turn furnishes the rationale for MTD. This recursiveness finds legitimacy in the ideological premise, promulgated by senior management, that it is in the joint interests of the firm and the managers to absorb and internalize the organizational values inherent in the corporate culture, because this helps managers to secure a high-flying career.

Geography of Barbados :: Essays Papers

GEOGRAPHY OF BARBADOS Barbados is the most windward, or eastern of all the Caribbean islands. Its the only island of the Caribbean that lies before the sixty-degree squint-eyed line. Pedro a Campus, who arrived there in 1536, first discovered it. Pedro a Campus was sailing for Portugal at the time of his discovery. Upon his arrival he concluded that the island was uninhabited. The island remained this way until it was settled by the English in the later Seventeenth Century. The shape of the island, is somewhat of an irregular triangle. The circumference Of the island is approximately fifty-five miles around, with a length of twenty-one miles and a width of thirteen miles. Its size is approximately two and a half times the size of Washington D. C. Coral Reefs line almost the entire coast of the island, and at some points, are up to three miles seaward. This creates problems with navigating to and from the island. The northeastern portion of the island contains heights of 1000 feet, while the southeastern part has sandy beaches which are protected by the coral reefs. The highest elevation is Mount Hillaby, which is 1147 feet above sea level at the center portion of the country. The rest of the island is relatively flat, but elevates as it rises to the Central Highlands. Scotland River is the headliner river which runs through the island. Other rivers include Joes River and the Indian River, along with a handful of natural springs, mainly Haggats. The island has a tropical climate and it rarely falls below seventy degrees Fahrenheit. The months of June to October are generally considered the rainy season. The island only occasionally suffers from the wrath of hurricanes. Another natural disaster that the people of the island encounter is periodic landslides.

Essay --

Is DNA a cause of Depression?An overwhelming metre of the population braves from countless disorders and diseases, a decent majority involving mentally specific illnesses. Amongst society, feeling is a very common mental illness found in individuals of ranging in all ages from all sorts of ethnicities and backgrounds. For the longest time, specialized scientists and psychologists have conducted numerous studies on depression. These studies include causes and treatments one of the main studies concentrated on the idea of whether depression derives from our DNA. Conclusive studies have shown that DNA is one of the main causes of depression. DNA is not only a cause of depression it also plays a critical social function in treating it. Even so, some sociologists would disagree and state that depression is only developed over time by traumatic events that occur in a persons life. Depression is a mood disorder that can occur once in a persons lifetime or it can be something that happen s quite often. Many people are unaware that depression is quite common among his or her peers and his or her family members. Most of the people who suffer from depression do not seek professional help, due to a lack of knowledge of depression or embarrassment of the condition. Depression cannot only imprint a persons mental health, but it can also affect their physical health as well. When left untreated, depression can die up to months sometimes-even years (Tamag 2005). Depression does not have only one cause. There are other variables that cause depression. These variables include ill chemicals in the brain, unbalanced hormones, traumatic events such as death of a loved one, and genes that are inherited from our parents (Staff 2013).Every p... ... fraternal twins became depressed, nineteen part of the time the other twin became depressed. These findings are considered to be higher rate of depression in comparison to the nations rates. (Genetic Causes of Depression 2013)In a final analysis, countless research studies have concluded that vulnerability to depression is inherited from our parents through DNA. Individuals can be subjected to depression through family members, such as siblings due to the case studies of the twins. Due to the fact that genetics has such an explicit influence on the specified mental disorder, research has also provided a linking connection between DNA and treatment of depression. However, despite the countless studies researchers have conducted on the matter, there are still a plethora of cases to further arouse the knowledge of the linkage between depression and genetics.

Essay --

Is deoxyribonucleic acid a cause of Depression?An overwhelming amount of the population suffers from interminable disquiets and diseases, a decent majority involving mentally specific illnesses. Amongst society, falloff is a very common mental illness found in individuals of ranging in all ages from all sorts of ethnicities and backgrounds. For the longest time, specialized scientists and psychologists befuddle conducted numerous studies on depression. These studies include causes and treatments one of the main studies concentrated on the idea of whether depression derives from our DNA. Conclusive studies have shown that DNA is one of the main causes of depression. DNA is not only a cause of depression it also plays a critical role in treating it. Even so, some sociologists would disagree and state that depression is only developed over time by traumatic events that occur in a persons life. Depression is a mood disorder that sack occur once in a persons lifetime or it can be so mething that happens quite often. Many people be unaware that depression is quite common among his or her peers and his or her family members. Most of the people who suffer from depression do not seek professional help, overdue to a lack of knowledge of depression or embarrassment of the condition. Depression cannot only affect a persons mental health, but it can also affect their physical health as well. When left untreated, depression can last up to months sometimes-even years (Tamag 2005). Depression does not have only one cause. There are other variables that cause depression. These variables include unbalanced chemicals in the brain, unbalanced hormones, traumatic events such as expiration of a loved one, and genes that are inherited from our parents (Staff 2013).Every p... ... fraternal twins became depressed, nineteen percent of the time the other twin became depressed. These findings are considered to be high rate of depression in comparison to the nations rates. (Genet ic Causes of Depression 2013)In a final analysis, countless research studies have think that vulnerability to depression is inherited from our parents through DNA. Individuals can be subjected to depression through family members, such as siblings due to the case studies of the twins. Due to the fact that genetic science has such an explicit influence on the specified mental disorder, research has also provided a linking connection between DNA and treatment of depression. However, despite the countless studies researchers have conducted on the matter, there are still a plethora of cases to further enhance the knowledge of the linkage between depression and genetics.

Biography of a Mathematician: Sir Isaac Newton Essay

Sir Isaac Newton has made an impact on scientists to this day. Even though his discoveries derived in the late 1600s, we are exempt affected today in the present. The ideals and theorems he sought out serene hold legitimate centuries after his time. With the information laid out for them, a scientists using his theories can improve their research to get fame themselves. Some would say that he was the greatest product of the Enlightenment, the explosion of intellectual k instantlyledge that occurred in his century (Universe Today). What did Isaac Newton discover to go down in history as prestige in both the historical and modern world? According to BBC, Newton was an English physicist and mathematician, and the greatest scientist of his era. However, before its mute why Sir Isaac Newtown became so famous, it is actually important to know how he got to that point. By doing so, understanding his early and later purport experiences is key. Isaac Newton was born on 4 January 1643 in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire. His father was a prosperous farmer, who died three months before Newton was born. His m separate remarried and Newton was left in the care of his grandparents (BBC). As it can be seen, Isaac Newton lived a rather challenging youth by being separated by his primary care takers to his grandparents. Once he became of age to hear college, he became fascinated in mathematics, astronomy, optics, and physics. An education to fulfill these interests is exactly what he required. In 1661, he enrolled into Cambridge University. Howbeit, In October 1665, a plague epidemic forced the university to crocked and Newton returned to Woolsthorpe (BBC). Although attending the University for a short time, the two years benefited him extremely in beginning to charm him of the idea about gravity. In plus, he withal focused on optics and mathematics, where current day calculus was just a mere idea of little to no importance. Not giving up his purpose to make a little idea i nto a dream, Newton returned to Cambridge in 1667, where he became a fellow of Trinity College. He was appointed to two very importance groups that exposed him to the scientific community. Just two years after returning to Cambridge he was appointed second Lucasian professor of mathematics at 27. He was then named in membership of the Royal Society 4 years later.In 1668, the development of his reflecting telescope only proved that Newtons findings bequeath leave an impact on history forever. Following hiseducation at Cambridge University, Newton wished to share his recent findings. Therefore publishing The Opticks which dealt with light and colour. In addition he studied and published works on history, theology and alchemy (BBC). Then in 1687, with the support of his friend the astronomer Edmond Halley, Newton published his wholeness greatest work, the Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) (BBC). This showed his findings of th e law of gravity. Subsequent to his discoveries and sharing them, Newton achieved many appointments. In 1689, Newton was elected member of parliament for Cambridge University (1689 1690 and 1701 1702). In 1696, Newton was appointed warden of the Royal Mint, settling in London. In 1703, he was elected president of the Royal Society, an office he held until his death. He was knighted in 1705. (BBC). His life story ended in 1727. According to BBC, It was said Newton was a difficult man, prone to depression and often involved in bitter arguments with other scientists, but by the early 1700s he was the dominant figure in British and European science. Now that a baseline of his life has been established, it can now be understood as to why Sir Isaac Newtown left such a mark on areas of science and mathematics. In regards to the field of science, Newton found a quantity of laws and theories that helped future scientists make their way into space. He discovered gravitational force and est ablished the three Universal Laws of Motion. By tying these discoveries to the work Johannes Kepler and his Laws of mobile motion, he established classic mechanics the beginning of modern Physics.This was huge in many ways as he proved definitively the heliocentric object lesson first proposed by Copernicus. (Universe Today) On top of all this he proved that all things in the universe revolve around the laws of motion. The laws of motion formed a footing for our understanding of the universe. This is a leap in science for his time and to this day. Newtons gains in the field of mathematics were just as relevant. He came up with the Binomial Theorem and was one of the two creators of calculus. (Universe Today) These findings served as jump in the fields of math and science. Now calculations can that more accurately modeled than before. In regards to space, without the ideas and betterment in mathematics, scientists would be clueless of how to safely get into space. Calculus gave sci entist the tools to set up a theoretical model of a situation and stillaccount for varying factors. This basic knowledge would help scientist such as Einstein to be able make even greater discoveries such as the Theory of Relativity and Nuclear Fission (Universe Today). With no doubt, Sir Isaac Newton has made an impact on scientists to this day. From break through from his time to laying out laws that still affect scientists and mathematicians today, the worlds technological systems would be nothing without Newtons advances. The world is constantly improving in terms of military, aviation, and the civilian life. With the baseline formed by Isaac Newtown, scientists are able to progress towards new discoveries and fame that the future holds.Works CitedIsaac Newton (1643 1727). BBC News. BBC, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2014. Jessa, Tega. What Did Isaac Newton Discover? Universe Today RSS. N.p., 05 Sept. 2009. Web. 20 Mar. 2014.

Air asia case study Essay

Awarding large regime contracts to Bumiputra companies. 2. Requiring new listings on the Malaysia stock transpose to have an initial 30 per cent Bumiputra equity ownership. 3. The all(a)ocation of at least 30 per cent of presidential term contracts for public and private works to Bumiputra contractors. 4. Requiring all private companies to offer employment opportunities to Bumiputras. 5. Ensuring that a minimum of 60 per cent of government procurements, contract work and other related projects be awarded to Bumiputra entrepreneurs. 6.Making government pay available for the exclusive use of Bumiputra bank line people. The Malaysian government claimed that the NEP fulfilled its goals since the nation was acknowledged as one of the ten fastest-growing economies in the terra firma from 1970 to 1990, a period that coincided with the NEPs implementation. This conclusion was in agreement with the query on Malaysian economic schooling3 conducted by the Harvard represent for Internat ional Development (HIID) and Institute of Strategic and International Studies in Kuala Lumpur (ISIS Malaysia) (Snodgrass, 1996, p.1). Despite this and the new policies that superseded the NEP since 1990, the affirmative action programme remains controversial. Indeed, many people believe that the NEP continues to define current government development policies in Malaysia. Critics of the NEP believe that the policy was only partially successful in, for example, reducing socio-economic disparity and encouraging the arrogance of Bumiputras (Anshar, 2008). Research by the Australian judicatures Department of Foreign Affair4 (2005, p.xiii) was also critical about the alleged crinkle restrictions that the NEP encouraged it criticised that these were counterproductive and may even have thwarted the development of a vibrant and resilient agate line community. 3 The research looks into the Malaysian economic development from 1970 to 1990. Malaysia An Economy Transformed (2005). This repor t on the Malaysian business environment prepared by The Economic Analytical Unit (formerly the East Asia Analytical Unit) is part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade andis responsible for create reports analysing major trade and economic issues of relevance to Australia. The Entrepreneurial Tony Fernandes If the NEP was restrictive of non-Malay entrepreneurship, how was it possible that Fernandes, a non Bumiputra could emerge as the most celebrated entrepreneur in Malaysia? My research suggests that the NEP did not stifle entrepreneurship and that Fernandes is not the only successful non Bumiputra business person in Malaysia. This is a complex debate, and my doctoral thesis seeks to address it in greater detail.But in this paper I will outline some of the considerations that need to be taken into account in explaining how and wherefore Fernandes rose to start out one of Malaysias millionaires. Fernandes was born on 30th April 1964 into a family that had no prior knowle dge or experience of business his father was a doc from Goa (India) and his mother was a music teacher of Malaccan-Portuguese descent. In other words, Fernandes came from an Indian-Malaysian family of professionals the new middle separate that emerged in Malaysia from the 1960s.Like many other middle class families, the Fernandes had sufficient wealth to send Fernandes to study in England. Fernandes, at the age of 12, went to London in 1976 to study at Epsom College and attended the London School of economic science in which he graduated in 1987 with a degree in accounting (BusinessWeek, 2009). In total, he spent some 11 years in London, a painful separation from his parents who could not afford to pay for his flights back to Malaysia. It was this experience, according to Brown5 (2010) that gave him an insight into the benefits of perhaps developing cheap international carriers.However, at this portray his career path did not take him into the airline business. Upon graduation fr om the London School of Economics Fernandes took the normal route of working in accounting jobs. Fernandes worked shortly at Virgin Communications, a television division of the Virgin multitude of companies. What did Fernandes learn from Virgin? 5 Kevin Brown is a journalist for the Financial Times. He was appointed Asia regional correspondent for the Financial Times in September 2009, based in Singapore. Prior to this role, he was Asia news editor. Previously, he was the personal finance editor of the Financial Times.The main benefit was the experience of working in a global company, acquiring insights into the running of an international business, and developing an impressive soak up which worked in his favour in being appointed to the position of Senior Financial Analyst at Warner Music International6 in London. At Warner, Fernandes showed strong business acumen. He started in 1989 as Senior Financial Analyst, and by 2001, when he resigned from Warner, he was the Vice Presiden t, ASEAN region. Within 12 years at Warner he was promoted quaternary times that is on average he was promoted every three years.Fernandes time at Warner Music was significant because it was during this period that Fernandes matured and transformed himself from being a mere accountant into a strategist with an analytical mind. Commentators such as Ionides7 (2004) believed that Fernandes ability to think strategically, and understand his environment from a macro perspective, was the reason why Fernandes felt compelled not to be part of Warners ill-fated merger with America Online Inc in 2001. This incident was said to be the catalyst for Fernandes decision to alter careers after 12 years with Warner.A word of caution is needed the early history of Fernandes emergence as an entrepreneur is based on the business press and journals. As part of my doctoral work I will be examining these issues in greater detail, and therefore reserve the right to correct the narrative as it currently stands. 6 Warner Music International is part of the Warner Music Group which is the third-largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry. Warner Music Group also has a music publishing arm called Warner/Chappell Music, which is currently one of the worlds largest music-publishing companies.

A Critique on the Blank Slate Essay

There be three doctrines which have attained b littleed status in modern intellectual life. The Blank Slate, a loose translation of the medieval Latin term tabula rasa, scraped tablet, comm further attri justed to John Locke which delves into the opposing of policy-making status quos and social arrangements, stating mainly that the fountainhead is wish well a sheet of white paper void of all characters and ideas, furnished with words through get wind it denounced the differences seen among races, including the institution of slavery as slaves could no longer be thought of as innately inferior, ethnic groups, sexes and individuals for the differences come not from the innate constitution but from the differences in the experiences. It is indeed fitting to think of the mind that way as the mind is like a blank sheet of paper filled only through experience. Yet it is safe to say that not only experience that can fill it but also preconceptions and expectations of the society.Anoth er doctrine is The Noble Savage, commonly attributed to philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, inspired by the European colonists discovery of the indigenous in the New World it stated the belief that savages were solitary, without ties of love or loyalty and without any industriousness or art. It also captures the belief that hu adult males in their natural state are selfless, peaceable and untroubled and that negative emotions much(prenominal) as greed and green-eyed monster are products of civilization, a concept which debased Thomas Hobbes belief that man is naturally beastly and requires a regular system of police to be resolved. smell at it from a personal angle, I would say that I quite agree with Hobbes only on one aspect man is naturally cruel if he isnt, then how is it that our history has been tainted with the blood of millions of people who have died because of a single man who could not rein his malice, i.e. Hitler. Even in our insouciant life, we manage to impress up on other people our evil nature, even if in a simple way.But that does not mean that we need to surrender our lives to leviathan as legitimate for I believe that we can change our nature, no matter how far back we may seem. As the last doctrine states, we are not unless machines with gears and springs, we are our minds and thus we have the ability to think and choose our own decisions. The last doctrine, attributed to Rene Descartes, is perhaps the most ingenious of all The weirdo in the Machine. Our mind exists because we fuck how to think and the very act of doing so proves it. Our bodies existence however may be doubted for we may simply be immaterial spirits who only if daydream that we are incarnate. Add to that a moral bonus the belief that the mind is a different kind of thing from the body. And what makes it truly intriguing is the point that philosophers argue as to when the ghost enters the body, during the start of the fertilization when the sperm cell fertilizes th e egg cell and creates the zygote or when it has become a fetus jell to be borne into the world.Certainly it is an argument comparable to the question, Which came first, the chicken or the egg? Philosophically answering the question would pertain to another question, what is meant by came first? as all philosophical questions go. These doctrines have so shaped the world that it has left fingerprints, from Walt Disney to the former president of the United States, George W. Bush. And even for a simple student like me who has recently come across the subject, I can say that I have already thought of such concepts even without reading it before, or at least I have thought about the idea of the Noble Savage and the Blank Slate. Yet as I read the concept of the Ghost in the Machine, I was very much in awe for I have never, in my whole sixteen years of existence, thought of such a thing. And what really appeals to me is the fact that Descartes claims that we are our minds and that our bod y may only if be an image we have formed as immaterial beings.Even Buddha thought so, stating that We are shaped by our thoughts we become what we think I have long doubted the ideas of ghosts and reading of such a concept, especially in a subject such as this, makes me wonder how the philosopher conceived such an idea. Thinking of it gives me shivers as it implies that we are beings far greater than we imagined. And as good as it may sound, I think it appeals to mans egotistic nature we as humans who have done things, good and evil, try to look for a sound explanation to ease our consciences.I cannot say that the idea does not appeal to me yet I cannot also say that I do agree with it on the other hand, of the three doctrines, I agree the most with the doctrine of The Noble Savage. I do believe that in our true nature, we are savages but that does not mean that we did not know how to control ourselves indeed it would seem that the Native Americans, the specific race of people that the Europeans based the doctrine of The Noble Savage on, had a better society than we did they were less barbaric, no employment problems and substance abuse, even crime was nearly nonexistent.And even if there were hard times, life was definitely stable and predictable. And yet that in itself was the antecedent why man chose to come out of his savage nature he wanted adventure, twist and turns in his life he wanted to feel the hot flash of living. There is nothing wrong with that but for every choice there is a price to pay and the price we paid was high even if it stay to be seen whether it was worth it or not. However that is not enough reason to turn over our free will to an autonomous control doing so would merely undermine the choices we have made for our civilization. Besides, our lives are meant to be lived fully and whatever choices we make, we must stand by it and see it to the end.Our mind, no matter how it started or whatever way it really is, is a tool for us to li ve our lives as we see fit. We must learn to harness our true potential to make sure that whatever choices we make would produce positive ripples that would be felt in the distant future to help the coming generations. As Plutarch said, The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be kindled.

Developing and maintaining trust at work Essay

Developing and maintaining authority at thrash is essential for structure and balance within the wricking milieu and for a business to be successful in its chosen fields. Trust is built on the following, respect, honesty, integrity, communication, attitude, approachability, manners and commitment. Trust can be broken chain reactor by using a trust model that then incorporates decision-making factors and situational factors. Decision making factors consist of the followingHow risk tolerant is the trustee?How well adjust is he/she?Situational factors consist of the followingHow similar are the parties involved?How secure do the parties feel?Does the trustee show concern?Have they sh hold predictability and integrity?Do the parties take on good communication between them?How much power do they have?Confidentiality is important for building and oblige placeing trust in the work place, from ranking(prenominal) managers down to the contrasting departments within the business an d onto the different workstations on the shop floor. When an employee confides in a person, who is in a position of trust, it is then that persons responsibility to keep and make sure that the information given to them is kept in the strictest confidence unless told otherwise by the trustee. Any breach of this confidentiality will break down trust between the parties involved and do serious damage to each respect that existed between them it would also have an knock on effect through every departments within the organisation and in worse case scenarios it could lead to legal action being carried out.Building the teamAn example of a group in my place of work is our start of shift meeting between the shift manager/myself the team leader/cell leaders/logistics charge hand/ termination leaders from packing and assembly/the maintenance department. The shift manager would then chair the meeting and explain the running of the shift that day i.e. any changeovers, the handiness of paper and labels and any quality issues found from the day before by the shift following us in. The manager would then give us our boilersuit meterage figure from the day before. Everyone would then inform the manager of any immediate manning or relevant issues within their departments.All department heads would return to their respected work areas and relay the relevant information to their teams. I myself after having a face to face brief with my manager and my cell leaders would return to my cell and brief my team which (depending on the time in the season ) Consists of four machine hustlers and two packers of any relevant issues that could affect our cell for that day. I would then take the time to address any problems that immediately would face us i.e. Health and safety in our immediate area and surrounding area, housekeeping issues, machine conduct speeds and any other problems my operators/packers may have I also then delegate everyone on their individual tasks for that day.When groups are formed they go through different stages before they can become effective and established. The four stages were first recognised by Bruce Tuckman, these stages are Forming/Storming/Norming and Performing.I can recognise and relate to these four stages in my work place. As a team/cell leader my cell consists of four machine operators, which is usually a mix of both permanent and temporary staff. At the start of our busy period/season im given between one and two new temporary machine operators for a period of a two weeks for training they first get introduced to the other members in my cell and start to learn what is expected of them by the company, And what is expected of them by me within the cell this is the Forming stage. once the operator has met certain standards and requirements and has shown an ability to combat and recognise our biggest enemy which is waste I sign the operator off on my check sheet and then they will be allocated a machine to run on their own wit hin the cell, They will start to become more confident in their own ability and the environment in the cell, I will try and encourage the operator to voice their opinions and concerns regarding decisions I make within the cell, This is the Storming stage. The temporary operator should this instant be feeling like one of the team and should be hitting their meterage targets and now will be confident to share any ideas they might have with myself and the rest of the team.This is the Norming stage. Everyone in the cell as a whole is hitting their production targets and the temporary operator is feeling established and comfortable of running any machine in the cell and running a machine through break on break cover with another operator without supervision. This is the Performing stage. Tuckman added a fifth stage which is Mourning, This stage does occur in a cell when the team loses a valuable member to another cell and when the temporary operator leaves at the end of the season. It d oes have a significant effect in my experience on my teams morale, structure and sometimes even their attitude.

Research Paper for Meyers Briggs Essay

According to the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, I am classified as an ESFJExtraverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Judging. I scored 56% on extravertbeing outgoing, loud, non-secretive. I prefer to sense things rather than trusting my intuition by only 12%. I scored highest on the feeling over thinking category with 62% towards feeling. There was only an 11% difference between judging vs. perceiving. Guardians of birthdays, holidays and celebrations, ESFJs are generous entertainers. They enjoy and gleefully observe traditions and are liberal in giving, especially where custom prescribes. All else being equal, ESFJs enjoy being in charge. They see problems cl beforehand(predicate) and delegate easily, work up hard and play with zest. ESFJs, as do around SJs, bear strong allegiance to rights of seniority. They willingly provide service (which embodies lifes meaning) and expect the aforesaid(prenominal) from others. (Joe Butt, Extraverted Sensing Feeling Judging). I first heard about the tes t about a year ago when my sister had to take it for her work, so I had a decent guess of what my results would be, if I ever got the chance to take the test. I pegged myself pretty well. The only thing that really did surprise me though, were the come of how strong/weak I was in each field. After finishing the test, I reviewed the article about the most common careers for ESFJs. It states ESFJs often find themselves in occupations that either involve a lot of direct interaction with other people (e.g. clients, other staff members) or involve responsibility for critical tasks (e.g. look thorough attention or may hold up serious consequences), or both (Career Choices For Your Life). Ever since I was little I have wanted to field of honor zoology in college.The description of an ESFJs career is somewhat accurate to my dream career of being a zoologist. I will not have direct interaction with people as much as I will with animals. One of the responsibilities of a zoologist is to as sess the dietary needs of the animals mean what a tiger eats for dinner is a critical task that could very well have serious and even fatal consequences. The results of my test render my drive to master zoology throughout my college career. These types of tests are always very interesting to me, I love needing new things about myself, and how I touch on information. The combined knowledge of the results of every testpersonality, learning style, etc.will help me to become more successful in life. Also, knowing how I learn and process information helps me understand that other people mightlearn differently than I do. Being able to comprehend my learning and personality styles at such an early age will give me more time to learn ways to teach, understand, and work with others who have a different style than I do. One of the most interesting things I learned by taking this test, was finding out the famous people who were ESFJs too, I had no clue that Martin Luther King and Eleanor Ro osevelt were ESFJs Knowing that these inspirational people understood things the same way that I do enlightens me to know that I too can be as big of an inspiration as they were.Works CitedButt, Joe. Extraverted Sensing Feeling Judging. 16 October 2009. typelogic.com. Article. 7 August 2013. Career Choices For You. n.d. www.humanmetrics.com. Article. 7 August 2013.

An Investigation of Vibrio Cholera

I chose to investigate Vibrio cholerae from the genus Vibrio because I found that V. cholerae was a rattling interesting bacteria. harmonize to our textbook, (Prescotts Principles of Microbiology by Willey Joanne, Woolverton Chris, Sherwood Linda), V. cholerae has caused seven pandemics in various parts of the world, especially Asia, the Middle East and Africa. According to the 2009 Cholera annual report from the man Health Organization, (Weekly Epidemiological Record, 2010, 85(31)293-308), the US experienced less than 20 cases while around the world 45 countries experienced 221226 cases including 4946 deaths.In 1883 Robert Koch, who is considered by our text and m some(prenominal) an(prenominal) others to be one of the founders of microbiology identified the Vibrio bacterium that caused cholera. Koch believed that the key to prevention was to improve hygiene and in sanitary drinking water. This is the reason that there be so few cases in the United States per year, because we ha ve a mellow degree of sanitary drinking water throughout the United States. Our textbook describes its taxonomy as being one of many serogroups, the textbook identifies V. cholerae O1 and 0139 to be one of two serogroups that cause epidemics.V. cholerae O1 also has two sterotypes and two biotypes. In 1992, the new strain, 0139 was discovered in Asia, but for the first time in recorded history, the 0139 strain actually displaced the 01 serogroup in India. Some of the genus Vibrio characteristics are that they are capable of fermentative and oxidative metabolism. According to Bergeys Manual, they are related to enteric bacteria and Pseudomonadaceae and they are considered to be Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-negative Rods and on the level with the Family Enterobacteriaceae.Read Chapter 8 Microbial geneticsVibrios are distinguished from enterics by being oxidase-positive and motile by means of polar flagella. V. cholerae as infectious bacteria, have the same goals as any other organism , to invade and infect the hose, to replicate and to transfer to another host. There are only a few behaviors that V. cholerae invade the human body. First, consort to our text, it is transmitted through contaminated water that has been contaminated with fecal material containing V. cholerae from infected individuals. Such an outbreak is occurring right now in Haiti.The source of the defilement can be from other cholera sufferers untreated diarrheal discharge into waterways or into groundwater or drinking water supplies. Because of the earthquake that occurred in Haiti the sanitary conditions of the water is probably the main source of transmission. A second way for transmission of V. cholerae to individuals is through contaminated food, either from fecal matter on the food from an infected individual or perhaps an infected individual that does not have good hygiene handling food and infecting others.The third way that an individual can be exposed to V. cholerae, is through eatin g raw improperly cooked mollusk that were harvested in fecal-polluted coastal waters or even from shellfish that were harvested from non fecal-polluted waters and either undercooked or re-contaminated after cooking. In the United States this is normally how individuals are infected, this is because V. cholera is one of the most common bacteria found in surface waters. Strains have been found in marine coastal areas and in warmer estuaries in the United States.According to the FDA, The Bad Bug Book, (www. fda. gov/ regimen/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/default. htm). Once an individual has been infected and the bacteria is now inside the host, it has to survive the upper GI tract, which usually is very good at defending against invasion. alas for the host, cholera can grow very well in a high salt and low pH environment. The bacterial incubation period is usually from 12 to 72 hours.When the bacteria get past the upper GI trac t, they avoid the immune system by using their polysaccharide capsule which makes phagocytosis by the host immune system very difficult and volition allow the bacteria to continue to replicate. It colonizes the small intestine The bacteria are not harmed by the strong stomach acid of the infected individual because of the polysaccharide capsule and attach themselves to the intestinal wall of the small intestine. They secrete a cholera toxin, called choleragen.The bacteria are not invasive and the toxin that is secreted enters the intestinal epithelial cells, adding an ADP-ribosyl group, like pertussis toxin does which activated the enzyme adenylate cyclase which triggers the hypersectretion of water and choride ions and preventing sodium ions from being absorbed. The results are that the infected individual starts to doze off large amounts of fluids, through vomiting, and a high amount of watery diarrhea. The individual will have painful stomach cramps and nausea and may lose up t o 10 to 15 litres of fluid during the course of the infection.The large amounts of fluid loss, is usually referred to as rice-water, and the diarrhea fluid contaminates water used by other individuals do others to be infected as well. The amount of fluid loss that the individual loses can be large enough that the individual may have high levels of blood proteins and can lead to death from circulatory shock. In the intestinal tract V. cholerae can stimulate bacterial genes that can increase infectivity of subsequent hosts. The carry through is not well known, but the stimulated genes prepare the bacteria to be better, more infective colonizers in subsequent hosts. his process may be organic to fueling future epidemics. According to a paper published in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA in September 2006, that V. cholera cells will adjust to the host they invaded. They will rear dress their transcriptional profile, to adjust to the human host from the aquatic environment. Its ability to infec t and multiply within a host regardless of the range of environmental conditions. In studies on bacterial pathogenesis, virulence genes are usually the focus which is essential for pathogenesis.The findings of this paper showed that the repression of MSHA pilus production suggested that not only is it unfavourable for colonization but is also critical to the role in bacterial pathogenesis. It appears from the article that MSHA repression is critical in the early stages of the infection, to evade the hosts congenital immune response. so when you think of V. cholera it is a very successful human pathogen because of transcriptional regulation and using a set of wide responses that are plastic so that the bacteria can respond to a wide ranging environment.

Admission essay formph

I strongly believe in the convincing statement of Albert Einstein, which states that the important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its have reason for existing. maven cannot help but be in awe when he contemplates the mysteries of eternity, of smell, of the marvelous structure of reality. Relating it in my own terms, my intention to study mph is in effect the furtherance of my own sagacity of medicine, research, and the pharmaceutical pains and a way of contemplation of the wonders of drugs juxtaposed with research and statistics.The importance of the interdisciplinary approach in understanding health and my few years of working as a medical doctor are the 2 main foundations why I am interested to apply for the Master of Public Health with Biostatistics as the field of concentration.Through the years, I have learned a lot about the substance of doing research vis--vis the study of state of the art medical interventions as well as in the discovery of new drugs t hat would bring to long lasting illnesses. I also realized that health and medicine as a affable institution is not solely for the biomedical scientists but also for social scientists and managers. Thus, taking the MPH pass on surely give me a taste of the other schools of thought that would enhance my managerial and social skills.It is in my consciousness that health issues are correlated with economic, social, political, cultural, and behavioral aspects. Thus, medical doctors nowadays should apparel themselves with the theories and practices of the social sciences and prudence to be able to solve health predicaments in a holistic fashion. Thus, this has prompted me to seek admission to the MPH program.In the future, I would also like to involve myself in the pharmaceutical industry. Hence, I see the need to equip myself with the theories and technologies of biostatistics that would be helpful in my chosen career. In the pharmaceutical industry, biostatistics is of great use particularly in carrying out laboratory tests and clinical trials for new drugs and medical interventions.My entry to the program pull up stakes not further improve myself but will surely help in making the pharmaceutical industry at bottom the bounds of empiricism. By learning the tools and techniques of biostatistics, I will be able to know the other field of medicine such as epidemiology which is also vital amongst the pharmaceutical personnel.Taking Biostatistics would help me come up with practised work decisions finished the use of hard evidence. Statistics and data will also enhance my management skills through evidence based problem solving. My previous background in medicine and the learning I will gain from the program will also surely help me ensure good medical practice, hence promote bioethics.My good mathematical ability and my work experience as a medical practician are good guarantees that I will be able to finish the degree. Coupled with these cognitive assets , my exasperation for the course will also help me to be able to finish the course with flying colors.Given my life experiences that brought me up to this point of my career, I am cognitively and physically prepared enough for me to make a good graduate student. I am looking forward to my future career in my chosen field with great keenness.

Parents Against Education: Unschooling

The topic of radical un schoolhouse is important for a number of reasons. It deals with a very important matter, which is the grooming and rearing of children. It calls the integrity of public schools into question and the enormousness of a curriculum. It too questions or disregards the need to guide children at all through life. The world in general does non look fondly upon radical unschooling. Most good deal see it as cut down. The multitude who choose this lifestyle for their family bring up a few arguments and support philosophies that, in theory, make sense.They hypothesise that unschooling is good for children because it allows them to naturally learn for themselves at their own pace and in their own environment. Radical unschooolers brood their beliefs to everyday life. They believe that it is best for children to freely learn and express themselves without counselor-at-law and outside pressure. The children of parents who practice this diversity of education, or un-education, mostly get to decide what is best for themselves and have very little, if any, rules at all.Parents who radically unschool their children repugn that children are natural learners and this is the best way for children to learn because it gives them actual-life experiences and helps them to grow their own intellect. However, it has been proven that children require guidance and structure that this form of education has conviction and time again shown that it does non provide. One large hassle with radical unschooling is the lack of structure and care provided for the child. Though radical unschoolers argue that they do not neglect their children and they provide helpful advice and suggestions, this is not exactly what children need.It has been proven that children really need structure and a explicit routine to feel comfortable. According to Kathy Eugster, a registered child and family psychologist, structure is very important in the cognises of children. non o nly does it help to assert parental authority, it also helps children feel safe and secure. Also according to Eugster, children who stick with from chaotic and uncontrolled households have a harder time with healthy development. Unschoolers make the argument that their form of education is best in the long run because children get out adapt better to life in the real-world.The real world does not coddle adults as they may have been throughout their childhood, so the adjustment could be difficult for some. However, structure is also a large part of the adult world. Also, as children grow into teens and so belong adults, they learn more to think on their own, especially if they are back up to do so indoors a structured environment when they are young. These things are found to be true in a study entitled, Chaotic homes and school achievement, performed by Kings College London, The Genetic and Developmental psychological medicine Center.Children living in the environmental confus ion and unpredictability of high levels of family chaos (i. e. noise, disorder and human traffic) have lower expectations, lack of persistence and a tendency to withdraw from academic challenge. The level of family chaos affects proto(prenominal) ordering skill, even after considering other(a) home environmental factors relevant to childrens mastery of reading. Parents who radically unschool put that their children are in control of their lives. This becomes a problem because parents are not teaching their children how they are expect to act in public.They are not able to socially interact with other citizenry and ofttimes act in a way that most of society frowns upon. Quinn Cummings, the author of the book, The Year of Learning Dangerously, who untaught her daughter for some time, recounts some of her experiences while attending a Radical Unschoolers Conference. She said that when she was in that location, she witnessed children husking down to nothing and running around a crowded room, as their parents did nothing. Also, she saw one quadruplet year old girls get up and hit another child as her mother looked on, not saying a word.Most radical unschoolers will argue that these things rarely ever happen. However, many bulk have recounted experiences where things like this do happen. It is not very uncommon to see behavior like this from children of parents who radially unschool. One mother expressed fear of her children playing with the children who were radically unschooled down the street from them because they were so violent. Without proper guidance, children are not able to know what behaviors are really appropriate and which ones are not.Also, schooling your children in an environment void of other children seat become a problem. Since they are not uncovered to different types of people, such as, different races, religious, and economic backgrounds, they can become intolerant. This becomes especially true since they are not being taught nearl y these things if they do not express involvement in them. Though the children are encouraged to become their own person so to speak, they can still act out the behaviors and have standardized thoughts that the people in their environment have as they grow older.For example, in the essay Group Minds, Dorris Lessing makes the check that we all live our lives out in groups, whether it is a school, family, etc. It becomes very easy for people in this situation to fall prey to thought that they are their own person with individual thoughts and are not subject to other peoples ideas infiltrating how they think. Even though unschooling parents say that their method of teaching is best because it prepares children for the real-world, they seem to prune over one of the most important parts of adulthood, understanding other cultures.Another issue within unschooling is general unfitness of being able to do it. This could be from a number of reasons. Many people do not have the money, resou rces, or association to do this. Radical unschools make the point that if there is a will, there is a way. While this sounds nice, most two income houses are not able to live off of just one income. It is almost impossible for a single parent to switch of unschooling unless they become their own boss. Many people do not feel comfortable when not using a curriculum in teaching their children.By definition and through all of its philosophies, there is no curriculum for unschooling, especially radical unschooling. Also, many people do not feel that they have the proper knowledge to be able to teach their children, especially without a proper guideline of what they should be teaching. Honestly, many people do not find that they are properly qualified to teach someone else. An argument that is make often is that children have more options to explore things they want to do. While this is true, if the child does not express interest in it, parents are not supposed to make them pursue anyt hing.Also, if a child decides they are not interested in anything, they very often end up sitting in front of the telly or playing video games all day. This is not a radical step in the ripe(p) direction, it is actually radically unhealthy. Allowing children to take interest in solely what they want is a main dower in radical unschooling. In her essay, When Bright Girls Decide that Math is a Waste of Time, Susan Jacoby talks about how not being able to use maths and science is detrimental to society.If a child decides that math and science are not important and only wants to color, that does not mean it is right to let them do so. Avoidance of math and science has the potential to limit job potential in the future, as well up as, making a child feel inadequate when someone possesses more knowledge than them. Children learning to read can also go along with this. Many unschooling families had expressed concern with their childs unwillingness to read, or inability to catch on.Als o, because part of the philosophy is for children to do things at their own pace, this can really be a hinderance. Often, they are behind and unable to excel in other subjects because they just cannot figure out reading. This also serves to great(p)ly limit children and what they are able to do. Overall, radical unschooling is a bad idea. While the philosophies seem to be in the best interest of the child, most of the time, they are not practical. Numerous studies have proven time and time again that structure, routine, and true guidance are all important for children.Also, always allowing children to do activities that will not help to intellectually serve them is really hindering, not helping them. Without exposure to different types of people, children can become intolerant and in general stuck within themselves while not being concerned with other people. This is especially true if all they have been taught all of their lives is to do whatever they want to do. It is a great pos sibility that these children could grow up to be the kind of people who do not care for others, education, or and kind of structure. That is not the kind of future that is best for children.

Biases

Person-positivity bias is the tendency to evaluate an object more favorably the more the object resembles an undivided homophile being. Generally, the more a comparison target resembles a specific person, the more familiar it provide be. However, groups of people are considered to be more abstract concepts, which leads to less favorable judgments.With regards to the optimistic bias, when people discriminate themselves to an average person, whether someone of the same sex or age, the target continues to e viewed as less human and less personified, which will result in less favorable comparisons between the self and others. insincere-consensus effect or false-consensus bias is a cognitive bias whereby a person tends to overestimate how many people curb with him or her.There is a tendency for people to assume that their own opinions, beliefs, preferences, values and habits are normal and that others also theorise the same way that they do. l This cognitive bias tends to lead to t he perception of a consensus that does not exist, a false consensus. This false consensus is significant because it increases self-esteem. The need to be normal and fit in with other people is underlined by a desire to conform and be liked by others in a social environment.Counterfactual intellection is a term of psychology that describes the tendency people have to imagine alternatives to reality. Humansare predisposed to think well-nigh how things could have turned out differently if only , and also to imagine what if?. Counterfactuals are conditional propositions, containing an source and a consequence (e. g. , If Matt had run, he would have caught the bus. )

Britian And France Over Educational Practices Essay

The existence of mass learning is a ballpark feature of industrial societies. It is agreed by sociologists that the information strategy accepts some responsibility in preparing one-year-old people for the world of work. It is expressioned as an institution where socialisation takes place, involving acquisition of knowledge and skills. It with or without intent to a fault helps to shape beliefs and moral values. Education is an issue that run intos an essential role in all aspects of society and sparks debates in issues of field of cultivation economic competitiveness, national identity, and social justice. It is viewed as protecting the status quo and is a of import particle of personal growth and social transformation. The education system has existed since the early 19th century and appears o protract as society progresses.Education in general appears to be shaped by tetrad educational traditions. The first view is known as Encyclopaedism, it is real strongly inheren t with the ideas from the enlightenment period. It has been a actually influential frame, especially for European countries such as France. This view promotes the idea that valid knowledge should be categorised, codified, and learnt. It promotes the concept that education provides the aptitude to think rationally, to reason, which leads to a better society with enlightened people who, from education train the ability to use knowledge and reasoning with situations they encounter throughout their lives.The second traditional view is found from a philosophical root known as humanism. It highlights the concept that education creates a immaculate individual who posses high qualities of moral values, and high levels of intelligence. The humanism belief is strongly developed from English customary schools and universities. This approach strongly emphasises the role of the academic tutor who in some ways acts as a role model and though their guidance and example results in the pupil becoming a strong rounded individual.The third view is Vocationalism, which is orientated around the national economy. Its objective is to meet the needs of the national economy for skilled labourers who possess the suitable attitude towards work.The fourth tradition is a recent philosophical system in education known as Naturalism. This has developed from a combination of psychology, sociology, and philosophy. It highlights the significance of an individual child, its needs, ability knowledge, and its social world. It is based on the ideology of learning, influences, and interaction from the environment. It is a skill based approach, focusing on learning how to learn* and how the child interacts with its environment, education and other institutions, from which the child develops into a whole person.Although the education systems may have been adapted as time progresses and vary slightly from country to country, the root of education originates from these four views. Therefore s imilarities can be seen in the education system in Britian and France.(* Extracted from Spyby line 10 pg 222) In both(prenominal) countries France and Britain, majority of children attend preschool. Their compulsory schooling begins around the age of 4/5.The pre-school period is a period where children in Britain atomic number 18 encouraged to mostly play and develop rather than being taught any academic subjects, where as in France, children at pre school stage encounter formal t distributivelying of subjects such as mathematics and reading and writing. In general there is a higher level of interest in preschool in France than Britain.It appears that the France system bases its pre school system on the Naturalism approach, where by the childs personality, creativity, intellect and socialisation is developed external to the family. From around the age of 5 children in both countries bring in primary education. At this stage it is apparent that the naturalism ideology concludes and other traditional views become evident. In primary education there is similarity in the subjects studied throughout Europe, such as Maths, science, their language, P.E, arts.The narrative of the France and Britain were similar in the changes they experienced in the 19th century.The primary education in England and Wales was originally based on the humanist tradition in the early 19th century. From the late 18th century,large amounts of children had inlet to free elementary education from which basic values were conveyed. The Hadow make-ups 1931 and 1933 changed the structure of schools to form primary and secondary sectors. firsthand school was based around developmental psychology, which then advances the child onto highly differentiated secondary school. The Hadow report was also the basis of the education act in 1944.There had also been a change in the ideology of teachers after war where childcentered learning became an issue with primary school teachers in Britain. In the 70s education in Britain became strongly associated with economic issues thus having a large impact in aspects of education. In turn an Education reform act had been produces in 1988, which imposed the National Curriculum. The national syllabus was strongly based on an encyclopaedism view. It arose problems for teachers as it restricted teachers from having the capacity to apply their professional judgement, and resulted teachers as being messengers of the class to submissive learners.The cut system also went through changes around this time. Like Britain the education system primarily prepared labouring class children for the world of work. In the early 90s issues were highlighted where teachers were regarded to a greater extent as cultural emitters rather than a teacher especially secondary school teahers . primary school teachers focused on the development of children rather than academic development.The educateion system in both France and Britiain grapple a common fact or of taking interst in the childs devlopment and both have a nationaal curriculum to follow. The French system however differs compared to Britian in their child centered approach.The French very strongly follow the tradtion of equality, where everyove achieves at the same rate and every individual is treated the same. Therefore a dtrucutres learning programme has been implemented where pupils learn at the same rate and achieve at the samt rate. Teachers on France play a crucial role in assisting every individual pupil to a similar stage as each other and unlike the British teachers do not view their professional role as involving curriculum development.There is generally a diffrenc ein the way children are taught in France and Britain. As evident from a study conducted by Sharpe (92) the French primary schools tend to adopt a less child centred approach compared to Britain, they have a formal setting with blackboards and chalk, with desks faced towards the black board where as in Brtian there is more diversity in the way the National curriculum is taught, through working in groups, existence of play corners and there is a much more bright colourful displays of childrens work.Another difference in the French and British system is the concept of equality which is promoted on scholls. In the British system there os a emphasis in schools to reseocet multicultural values and other tradtions and cultures each being unique and individual. Whereas in the French system the ideology of a single nation culture is strongly promoted.The next stage from primary school is secondary school (in france refered to as lyces professionelles), which the typical age for in both countries is between 10-12.more recently there has been debates amongst the british overment about the way children are taught in primary schools and the very child centered approach has been critised. There has been speculation that the educational practices in Britiain may somewhat resmble the France sys tem in the instructive and the extensive use and structure of the whole class. However these practices can only be implemented in the eduacational system through doverment intervention as unlike Britain, such practices in France are more teachers professional culture (Mclean 199